Ling Jonathan, Stephens Richard, Heffernan Thomas M
Department of Pharmacy, Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland, Chester Road, Sunderland SR27PT, UK.
Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2010 Jun;3(2):80-7. doi: 10.2174/1874473711003020080.
The consequences of alcohol consumption have risen high on health and social agendas in recent years. Although much work has focused on the physical problems associated with alcohol use, one theme that has emerged in alcohol research has been a focus on the effects of hangovers on functioning. This brief literature review specifically examines recent empirical investigations of the relationship between alcohol hangover and psychological performance and is tabled as an update to our earlier review of similar research (Stephens et al., 2008). A literature search generated 75 results on hangover and cognition (and synonyms) since the last published review. However, of these, only 4 met all inclusion criteria, such as establishing that BAL (Blood Alcohol Level) was zero at testing. Taking the findings of these newer studies with those that we reviewed previously, there appears to be real evidence of convergence of findings. There are now four rigorous laboratory studies, two less rigorous laboratory studies lacking placebo control and two rigorous naturalistic studies that indicate specific cognitive decrements in attention and memory during the hangover phase of alcohol consumption. Given this convergence, research agendas for increasing understanding of the cognitive effects of alcohol hangover should now switch from studies that routinely assess many cognitive functions to studies assessing the attention and memory deficits of hangover in greater detail.
近年来，饮酒的后果在健康和社会议程上的关注度大幅提高。尽管许多工作都集中在与饮酒相关的身体问题上，但酒精研究中出现的一个共同主题是关注宿醉对身体机能的影响。这篇简短的文献综述专门考察了近期关于酒精宿醉与心理表现之间关系的实证研究，并作为我们早期类似研究综述（斯蒂芬斯等人，2008年）的更新版本呈现。自上次发表综述以来，通过文献检索得到了75条关于宿醉与认知（及同义词）的结果。然而，其中只有4项符合所有纳入标准，比如在测试时确定血液酒精浓度（BAL）为零。将这些新研究的结果与我们之前综述的结果相结合，似乎有确凿的证据表明研究结果趋于一致。目前有四项严格的实验室研究、两项缺乏安慰剂对照的不太严格的实验室研究以及两项严格的自然观察研究表明，在饮酒后的宿醉阶段，注意力和记忆力会出现特定的认知下降。鉴于这种趋同性，为增进对酒精宿醉认知影响的理解，研究议程现在应从常规评估多种认知功能的研究转向更详细评估宿醉时注意力和记忆缺陷的研究。
