Leiferman K M
Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991 Jun;24(6 Pt 2):1101-12. doi: 10.1016/0190-9622(91)70166-y.
Eosinophils are frequently observed in cutaneous inflammation, but little is known of their significance in the pathophysiology of cutaneous disease. Recent studies of the structure, content, and activities of the eosinophil have shown that it has potent toxic proteins with the potential to mediate tissue damage. Furthermore, immunofluorescent localization of eosinophil granule proteins has shown that eosinophils disrupt in tissue and deposit toxic granule proteins. The deposition of granule proteins in several diseases is vastly out proportion to the number of identifiable cells and indicates that eosinophil involvement in cutaneous disease cannot be judged by the number of intact eosinophils in the tissue. Specifically, deposition of eosinophil granule proteins outside of eosinophils has been observed in eczematous lichenified disorders with elevated serum levels of immunoglobulin E, in urticarial and angioedematous disorders, and in bullous diseases. The structural, compositional, and functional characteristics of eosinophils are reviewed, and evidence of eosinophil degranulation in cutaneous diseases is presented. Mechanisms whereby eosinophil degranulation may mediate pathophysiologic effects are also discussed.
嗜酸性粒细胞在皮肤炎症中经常可见，但对于它们在皮肤疾病病理生理学中的意义却知之甚少。最近对嗜酸性粒细胞的结构、成分及活性的研究表明，其含有具有介导组织损伤潜能的强效毒性蛋白。此外，嗜酸性粒细胞颗粒蛋白的免疫荧光定位显示，嗜酸性粒细胞在组织中破裂并释放毒性颗粒蛋白。在几种疾病中，颗粒蛋白的沉积与可识别细胞的数量极不相称，这表明不能通过组织中完整嗜酸性粒细胞的数量来判断嗜酸性粒细胞与皮肤疾病的关联。具体而言，在血清免疫球蛋白E水平升高的湿疹性苔藓化疾病、荨麻疹和血管性水肿疾病以及大疱性疾病中，已观察到嗜酸性粒细胞颗粒蛋白在嗜酸性粒细胞外的沉积。本文综述了嗜酸性粒细胞的结构、组成和功能特征，并展示了嗜酸性粒细胞在皮肤疾病中脱颗粒的证据。同时还讨论了嗜酸性粒细胞脱颗粒可能介导病理生理效应的机制。
