Anderson Samira, Kraus Nina
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Trends Amplif. 2010 Jun;14(2):73-83. doi: 10.1177/1084713810380227.
Numerous factors contribute to understanding speech in noisy listening environments. There is a clinical need for objective biological assessment of auditory factors that contribute to the ability to hear speech in noise, factors that are free from the demands of attention and memory. Subcortical processing of complex sounds such as speech (auditory brainstem responses to speech and other complex stimuli [cABRs]) reflects the integrity of auditory function. Because cABRs physically resemble the evoking acoustic stimulus, they can provide objective indices of the neural transcription of specific acoustic elements (e.g., temporal, spectral) important for hearing speech. As with brainstem responses to clicks and tones, cABRs are clinically viable in individual subjects. Subcortical transcription of complex sounds is also clinically viable because of its known experience-dependence and role in auditory learning. Together with other clinical measures, cABRs can inform the underlying biological nature of listening and language disorders, inform treatment strategies, and provide an objective index of therapeutic outcomes. In this article, the authors review recent studies demonstrating the role of subcortical speech encoding in successful speech-in-noise perception.
许多因素有助于在嘈杂的聆听环境中理解言语。临床上需要对有助于在噪声中听清言语的听觉因素进行客观的生物学评估，这些因素不受注意力和记忆力的影响。对诸如言语等复杂声音的皮质下处理（听觉脑干对言语和其他复杂刺激的反应 [cABR]）反映了听觉功能的完整性。由于cABR在物理上类似于诱发的声学刺激，它们可以提供对听力言语重要的特定声学元素（例如，时间、频谱）神经转录的客观指标。与脑干对咔嗒声和纯音的反应一样，cABR在个体受试者中具有临床可行性。复杂声音的皮质下转录因其已知的经验依赖性和在听觉学习中的作用，在临床上也具有可行性。与其他临床测量方法一起，cABR可以了解听力和语言障碍的潜在生物学本质，为治疗策略提供依据，并提供治疗效果的客观指标。在本文中，作者回顾了最近的研究，这些研究证明了皮质下言语编码在成功的噪声中言语感知中的作用。
