Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain.
Psychiatry Res. 2011 Apr 30;186(2-3):225-31. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.051. Epub 2010 Aug 21.
This study examined 'Theory of Mind' (ToM) functioning, its association with psychometric schizotypy and with self-reported psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and depressive symptoms, in a community sample of adolescents. Seventy-two adolescents (mean age 14.51years) from Barcelona, Spain, completed questionnaires assessing PLEs, depressive symptoms, and schizotypy. A verbal ToM task and a vocabulary test were administered. The effect of symptomatology, vocabulary ability, age, and gender on task performance was explored. Neither total score on schizotypy nor PLEs were associated with ToM performance. A significant effect of vocabulary on adolescent's performance of both ToM and control stories was found. ToM showed significant negative associations with positive schizotypy, and with one cluster of positive PLEs: first-rank experiences. Positive significant associations between ToM and persecutory delusions and the impulsive aspects of schizotypy were found. Depressive symptoms did not affect ToM performance. Positive schizotypal traits and first-rank symptoms are associated with ToM deficits in adolescents. Results support the trait-(versus state-) dependent notion of ToM impairments in schizophrenia. ToM may be a developmental impairment associated with positive schizotypy and PLEs.
本研究考察了“心理理论”（ToM）功能，以及其与心理计量学精神分裂症倾向、自我报告的类精神病体验（PLEs）和抑郁症状在青少年社区样本中的关联。来自西班牙巴塞罗那的 72 名青少年（平均年龄 14.51 岁）完成了评估 PLEs、抑郁症状和精神分裂症倾向的问卷。还进行了言语 ToM 任务和词汇测试。探讨了症状、词汇能力、年龄和性别对任务表现的影响。精神分裂症倾向的总分或 PLEs 均与 ToM 表现无关。词汇能力对青少年的 ToM 故事和控制故事表现都有显著影响。ToM 与阳性精神分裂症倾向以及阳性 PLEs 的一个聚类（一级经验）呈显著负相关。ToM 与被害妄想和精神分裂症倾向的冲动方面呈显著正相关。抑郁症状不影响 ToM 表现。阳性精神分裂症倾向和一级症状与青少年的 ToM 缺陷有关。研究结果支持了精神分裂症中 ToM 损伤的特质（而非状态）依赖性概念。ToM 可能是一种与阳性精神分裂症倾向和 PLEs 相关的发育障碍。
