Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2010 Oct 15;26(2):497-503. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.07.063. Epub 2010 Jul 23.
Recent advances in nanotechnology have allowed significant progress in utilising cutting-edge techniques associated with nanomaterials and nano-fabrication to expand the scope and capability of biosensors to a new level of novelty and functionality. The aim of this work was the development and characterisation of conductive polyaniline (PANI) nanostructures for applications in electrochemical biosensing. We explore a simple, inexpensive and fast route to grow PANI nanotubes, arranged in an ordered structure directly on an electrode surface, by electrochemical polymerisation using alumina nanoporous membranes as a 'nano-mould'. The deposited nanostructures have been characterised electrochemically and morphologically prior to grafting with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) receptor in order to create a model sensor for catechol detection. In this way, PANI nanostructures resulted in a conductive nanowire system which allowed direct electrical connection between the electrode and the synthetic receptor (MIP). To our knowledge, this is the first example of integration between molecularly imprinted polymers and PANI nanostructured electrodes. The advantages of using nanostructures in this particular biosensing application have been evaluated by comparing the analytical performance of the sensor with an analogous non-nanostructured MIP-sensor for catechol detection that was previously developed. A significantly lower limit of detection for catechol has been obtained (29 nM, one order of magnitude), thus demonstrating that the nanostructures are capable of improving the analytical performance of the sensor.
近年来，纳米技术的进步使得利用与纳米材料和纳米制造相关的尖端技术来扩展生物传感器的范围和功能成为可能，取得了重大进展。本工作的目的是开发和表征用于电化学生物传感应用的导电聚苯胺（PANI）纳米结构。我们探索了一种简单、廉价且快速的方法，通过使用氧化铝纳米多孔膜作为“纳米模具”进行电化学聚合，在电极表面上直接生长排列有序的 PANI 纳米管。在接枝分子印迹聚合物（MIP）受体以创建儿茶酚检测模型传感器之前，对沉积的纳米结构进行了电化学和形态学表征。通过这种方式，PANI 纳米结构形成了一个导电纳米线系统，允许电极和合成受体（MIP）之间的直接电连接。据我们所知，这是分子印迹聚合物和 PANI 纳米结构电极之间集成的第一个实例。通过将传感器的分析性能与先前开发的用于儿茶酚检测的类似非纳米结构 MIP 传感器进行比较，评估了在这种特定生物传感应用中使用纳米结构的优势。儿茶酚的检测限显著降低（29 nM，一个数量级），这表明纳米结构能够提高传感器的分析性能。
