ProBiomechanics LLC, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2010 Aug;11(4):382-90. doi: 10.1080/15389581003751623.
This study investigated injury risks in frontal crashes by belt use and crash severity (delta V) with a focus on studying whether there is a pattern to the crashes causing serious head injuries in low-speed frontal collisions.
1996-2007 National Automotive Sample System-Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) was analyzed for frontal crashes involving front-outboard occupants. Light vehicles were included with model year 1997+. Injuries of maximum severity MAIS 0-6 and fatalities were determined by crash severity and belt. Body region injury (AIS 0-6) was also determined. NASS-CDS electronic cases involving <15 mph crashes were evaluated to determine the crash circumstances causing serious head injury (AIS 3+) in occupants with overall severe injuries (MAIS 4+F).
More than half (51.3%) of belted occupants in 10-15 mph delta V crashes were uninjured compared with 30.2 percent for unbelted occupants. The ratio of the fraction (relative risk) of belted occupants who were uninjured to the fraction of unbelted, uninjured occupants was highest at 3.74 in the 30-35 mph delta V. For 10-15 mph crashes, 0.40 +/- 0.15 percent of unbelted occupants were severely injured (MAIS 4+F) compared to 0.033 +/- 0.009 percent for belted occupants. For 30-35 mph crashes, 8.51 +/- 2.20 percent of unbelted and 5.83 +/- 1.93 percent of belted occupants were severely injured. Overall, seat belt use was 87.4 percent effective in preventing severe injury (MAIS 4+F). The effectiveness decreased with increasing crash severity. The highest relative risk for severe injury of unbelted compared to belted occupants was 12.3 in crashes of 10-15 mph delta V. The relative risk was 8.8 in <10 mph crashes. Overall, the relative risk was 8.0 for severe injury (MAIS 4+F) in frontal crashes. 16.5 +/- 0.98 percent of unbelted occupants experienced serious (AIS 3-6) injury. This risk was 6.49 times greater than the 2.53 +/- 0.10 percent risk with belted occupants. The largest relative risk for serious injury (AIS 3-6) was to the neck (367 times), face (15.5 times) and head (10.2 times).
The highest relative risk for severe injury of unbelted occupants was in frontal crashes <15 mph. Most of the crashes involved multiple impacts and air bag deployment in the accident sequence. The use of long fill-time side curtains, additional curtain deployment logic, limited deflation front air bags and broader curtain coverage of the front interior may address these injuries.
本研究通过使用安全带和碰撞严重程度（delta V）来研究正面碰撞中的伤害风险，并重点研究在低速正面碰撞中是否存在导致严重头部受伤的碰撞模式。
分析了 1996 年至 2007 年国家汽车抽样系统碰撞性能数据系统（NASS-CDS）中涉及前外侧乘客的正面碰撞。包括模型年份为 1997 年及以上的轻型车辆。通过碰撞严重程度和安全带确定最大严重程度 MAIS 0-6 和致命伤害。身体区域伤害（AIS 0-6）也通过确定。评估 NASS-CDS 电子案例中涉及 <15 英里/小时的碰撞，以确定导致整体严重受伤（MAIS 4+F）的乘客严重头部受伤（AIS 3+）的碰撞情况。
在 10-15 英里/小时 delta V 碰撞中，超过一半（51.3%）系安全带的乘客未受伤，而未系安全带的乘客受伤比例为 30.2%。在 30-35 英里/小时 delta V 中，系安全带的未受伤乘客比例与未系安全带的未受伤乘客比例之比最高，为 3.74。对于 10-15 英里/小时的碰撞，0.40 +/- 0.15%的未系安全带乘客受重伤（MAIS 4+F），而系安全带乘客的这一比例为 0.033 +/- 0.009%。对于 30-35 英里/小时的碰撞，8.51 +/- 2.20%的未系安全带和 5.83 +/- 1.93%的系安全带乘客受重伤。总体而言，安全带的使用在防止严重受伤（MAIS 4+F）方面有效率为 87.4%。有效性随碰撞严重程度的增加而降低。未系安全带乘客与系安全带乘客相比，严重受伤的相对风险最高为 12.3，发生在 10-15 英里/小时 delta V 碰撞中。在 <10 英里/小时的碰撞中，相对风险为 8.8。总体而言，正面碰撞中严重受伤（MAIS 4+F）的相对风险为 8.0。16.5 +/- 0.98%的未系安全带乘客遭受严重（AIS 3-6）伤害。这一风险是系安全带乘客 2.53 +/- 0.10%风险的 6.49 倍。严重受伤（AIS 3-6）的最大相对风险是颈部（367 倍）、面部（15.5 倍）和头部（10.2 倍）。
未系安全带乘客严重受伤的最高相对风险发生在<15 英里/小时的正面碰撞中。大多数碰撞涉及多次撞击和事故序列中的安全气囊展开。使用长填充时间侧帘、附加帘幕展开逻辑、有限的前充气安全气囊放气和更广泛的前内部帘幕覆盖范围可能会解决这些伤害问题。
