Department of Internal Medicine/Krefting Research Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011;154(2):155-63. doi: 10.1159/000320230. Epub 2010 Aug 24.
There are few population-based studies on chronic nasal symptoms and little is known about their prevalence and determinants, or their association with allergic rhinitis and asthma.
A questionnaire focused on respiratory symptoms and conditions was mailed in 2008 to 30,000 randomly selected subjects aged 16-75 years in West Sweden, 29,218 could be traced and 18,087 (62%) responded. The questionnaire included questions on self-reported allergic rhinitis, asthma, lower respiratory and nasal symptoms and possible determinants.
Nasal congestion was reported by 14.9% and runny nose by 13.1% of subjects. In total, 19.8% had chronic nasal symptoms. Subjects with chronic nasal symptoms had considerably more symptoms from the lower airways compared with nonrhinitic subjects and vice versa. Forty-seven percent of the subjects with chronic nasal symptoms had concurrent self-reported allergic rhinitis. Several hereditary and environmental factors were associated with chronic rhinitis, including family history of asthma [odds ratio (OR) 1.27; 95% confidence interval 1.07-1.50], family history of allergy (OR 1.74; 1.57-1.92) and current smoking (OR 1.39; 1.25-1.54). Further, chronic nasal symptoms were increasingly prevalent with an increasing degree of urbanization.
The prevalence of chronic nasal symptoms in West Sweden was found to be high and strongly associated both with self-reported allergic rhinitis and symptoms from the lower airways. Moreover, several risk factors were identified for chronic nasal symptoms, including family history of allergy and asthma and smoking.
关于慢性鼻部症状的人群研究较少，人们对其流行程度及其决定因素知之甚少，也不清楚其与变应性鼻炎和哮喘的关系。
2008 年，在瑞典西部向 30000 名随机选择的 16-75 岁的受试者邮寄了一份以呼吸道症状和疾病为重点的调查问卷，其中 29218 人可被追踪，18087 人（62%）做出了回应。调查问卷包括对自述变应性鼻炎、哮喘、下呼吸道和鼻部症状以及可能的决定因素的询问。
14.9%的受试者报告有鼻塞，13.1%的受试者报告有流鼻涕。共有 19.8%的受试者有慢性鼻部症状。与非变应性鼻炎患者相比，有慢性鼻部症状的患者下呼吸道症状明显更多，反之亦然。47%的慢性鼻部症状患者同时有自述的变应性鼻炎。一些遗传和环境因素与慢性鼻炎有关，包括哮喘家族史（比值比 1.27；95%置信区间 1.07-1.50）、过敏家族史（比值比 1.74；1.57-1.92）和当前吸烟（比值比 1.39；1.25-1.54）。此外，随着城市化程度的提高，慢性鼻部症状的患病率也呈上升趋势。
在瑞典西部，慢性鼻部症状的流行程度很高，与自述的变应性鼻炎和下呼吸道症状均密切相关。此外，还确定了一些慢性鼻部症状的危险因素，包括过敏和哮喘家族史以及吸烟。
