实施参与式人体工效学计划可能存在哪些障碍和促进因素？
What are possible barriers and facilitators to implementation of a Participatory Ergonomics programme?
机构信息
Body@Work TNO VUmc, Research Center Physical Activity, Work and Health, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Implement Sci. 2010 Aug 24;5:64. doi: 10.1186/1748-5908-5-64.
BACKGROUND
Low back pain (LBP) and neck pain (NP) are common among workers. Participatory Ergonomics (PE) is used as an implementation strategy to prevent these symptoms. By following the steps of PE, working groups composed and prioritised ergonomic measures, and developed an implementation plan. Working group members were responsible to implement the ergonomic measures in their departments. Little is known about factors that hamper (barriers) or enhance (facilitators) the implementation of ergonomic measures. This study aimed to identify and understand the possible barriers and facilitators that were perceived during implementation.
METHODS
This study is embedded in a cluster randomised controlled trial that investigated the effectiveness of PE to prevent LBP and NP among workers. For the purpose of the current study, questionnaires were sent to 81 working group members. Their answers were used to make a first inventory of possible barriers and facilitators to implementation. Based on the questionnaire information, 15 semi-structured interviews were held to explore the barriers and facilitators in more detail. All interviews were audio taped, transcribed verbatim, and analysed according to a systematic approach.
RESULTS
All possible barriers and facilitators were obtained from questionnaire data, indicating that the semi-structured interviews did not yield information about new factors. Various barriers and facilitators were experienced. The presence of implementation plans for ergonomic measures that were already approved by the management facilitated implementation before the working group meeting. In these cases, PE served as a strategy to improve the implementation of the approved measures. Furthermore, the findings showed that the composition of a working group (i.e., including decision makers and a worker who led the implementation process) was important. Moreover, stakeholder involvement and collaboration were reported to considerably improve implementation.
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that the working group as well as stakeholder involvement and collaboration were important facilitating factors. Moreover, PE was used as a strategy to improve the implementation of existing ergonomic measures. The results can be used to improve PE programmes, and thereby may contribute to the prevention of LBP and NP.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
ISRCTN27472278.
背景
腰痛（LBP）和颈部疼痛（NP）在工人中很常见。参与性人体工程学（PE）被用作预防这些症状的实施策略。通过遵循 PE 的步骤，工作组组成并优先考虑人体工程学措施，并制定了实施计划。工作组的成员负责在他们的部门实施人体工程学措施。对于阻碍（障碍）或促进（促进因素）实施人体工程学措施的因素知之甚少。本研究旨在识别和理解实施过程中可能存在的障碍和促进因素。
方法
本研究嵌入在一项集群随机对照试验中，该试验调查了 PE 在预防工人的 LBP 和 NP 方面的有效性。为了进行本研究，向 81 名工作组的成员发送了调查问卷。他们的回答被用来初步确定实施的可能障碍和促进因素。根据问卷信息，进行了 15 次半结构化访谈，以更详细地探讨障碍和促进因素。所有访谈均进行了录音、逐字转录，并根据系统方法进行了分析。
结果
所有可能的障碍和促进因素都来自问卷数据，这表明半结构化访谈没有提供新因素的信息。各种障碍和促进因素都得到了体验。存在已经得到管理层批准的人体工程学措施的实施计划，这在工作组会议之前促进了实施。在这些情况下，PE 是一种策略，可用于改善已批准措施的实施。此外，研究结果表明，工作组的组成（即包括决策者和领导实施过程的工人）很重要。此外，报告称利益相关者的参与和协作极大地改善了实施情况。
结论
本研究表明，工作组以及利益相关者的参与和协作是重要的促进因素。此外，PE 被用作改善现有人体工程学措施实施的策略。研究结果可用于改进 PE 计划，从而有助于预防 LBP 和 NP。
试验注册号
ISRCTN27472278。
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