National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2010 Aug 24;10:48. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-10-48.
Interpretation of previous associations between water intake and adverse birth outcomes is challenging given that amount and type of water consumed can be non-specific markers of exposure or underlying behavioural characteristics. We examined the relationship between water intake measures and adverse birth outcomes in participants from three study sites in the United States.
Using a prospective cohort study, we examined daily intake of bottled, cold tap, total tap, and total water in relation to birth weight and risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) among term births and risk of preterm delivery.
Based on water consumption data collected between 20-24 weeks of gestation, the adjusted mean birth weight was 27 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -34, 87), 39 (95% CI: -22, 99), and 50 (95% CI: -11, 110) grams higher for the upper three total water intake quartiles (> 51-78, > 78-114, and > 114 ounces/day) compared to the lowest quartile (≤ 51 ounces/day). Adjusted birth weight results were similar for bottled water, cold tap water, and total tap water intake. An exposure-response gradient was not detected for either preterm delivery or SGA with increasing total water intake and total tap water intake, but adjusted relative risks for all three upper quartiles were below 1.0 (range: 0.6-0.9) for SGA.
These data suggest that high water intake may be associated with higher mean birth weight following adjustment for confounding.
由于摄入的水量和水的类型可能是非特异性的暴露标志物或潜在行为特征，因此，解释以前水的摄入量与不良出生结局之间的关联具有挑战性。我们在美国的三个研究地点的参与者中研究了水的摄入量与不良出生结局之间的关系。
我们使用前瞻性队列研究，研究了瓶装水、冷水龙头水、总水龙头水和总饮水量与足月出生的出生体重和小于胎龄儿（SGA）风险以及早产风险之间的关系。
根据妊娠 20-24 周期间收集的水消耗数据，与最低四分位数（≤ 51 盎司/天）相比，上三个总水摄入量四分位数（> 51-78、> 78-114 和> 114 盎司/天）的上三个四分位数的调整平均出生体重分别高 27（95%置信区间[CI]：-34，87）、39（95% CI：-22，99）和 50（95% CI：-11，110）克。调整后的瓶装水、冷水龙头水和总自来水摄入量的出生体重结果相似。随着总饮水量和总自来水摄入量的增加，未检测到早产或 SGA 的暴露反应梯度，但所有三个上四分位数的调整相对风险均低于 1.0（范围：0.6-0.9）。
这些数据表明，在调整混杂因素后，高水摄入量可能与较高的平均出生体重相关。
