Jones Luke A, Allely Clare S, Wearden John H
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2011 Feb;64(2):363-80. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2010.502580. Epub 2010 Aug 23.
A series of experiments demonstrated that a 5-s train of clicks that have been shown in previous studies to increase the subjective duration of tones they precede (in a manner consistent with "speeding up" timing processes) could also have an effect on information-processing rate. Experiments used studies of simple and choice reaction time (Experiment 1), or mental arithmetic (Experiment 2). In general, preceding trials by clicks made response times significantly shorter than those for trials without clicks, but white noise had no effects on response times. Experiments 3 and 4 investigated the effects of clicks on performance on memory tasks, using variants of two classic experiments of cognitive psychology: Sperling's (1960) iconic memory task and Loftus, Johnson, and Shimamura's (1985) iconic masking task. In both experiments participants were able to recall or recognize significantly more information from stimuli preceded by clicks than those preceded by silence.
一系列实验表明，之前的研究显示，持续5秒的一串滴答声会增加其之前音调的主观时长（以一种与“加速”计时过程相一致的方式），这串滴答声也会对信息处理速率产生影响。实验采用了简单反应时和选择反应时研究（实验1），或心算研究（实验2）。总体而言，滴答声先于试验出现时，反应时显著短于没有滴答声的试验，但白噪声对反应时没有影响。实验3和实验4使用认知心理学的两个经典实验的变体，即斯珀林（1960年）的图像记忆任务和洛夫特斯、约翰逊和岛村（1985年）的图像掩蔽任务，研究了滴答声对记忆任务表现的影响。在这两个实验中，与无声先于刺激出现的情况相比，参与者能够从滴答声先于刺激出现的情况中回忆或识别出显著更多的信息。
