Makin Alexis D J, Poliakoff Ellen, Dillon Joe, Perrin Aimee, Mullet Thomas, Jones Luke A
School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2012 Mar;139(3):524-31. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.01.013. Epub 2012 Feb 26.
Repetitive auditory stimulation (with click trains) and visual velocity signals both have intriguing effects on the subjective passage of time. Previous studies have established that prior presentation of auditory clicks increases the subjective duration of subsequent sensory input, and that faster moving stimuli are also judged to have been presented for longer (the time dilation effect). However, the effect of clicks on velocity estimation is unknown, and the nature of the time dilation effect remains ambiguous. Here were present a series of five experiments to explore these phenomena in more detail. Participants viewed a rightward moving grating which traveled at velocities ranging from 5 to 15°/s and which lasted for durations of 500 to 1500 ms. Gratings were preceded by clicks, silence or white noise. It was found that both clicks and higher velocities increased subjective duration. It was also found that the time dilation effect was a constant proportion of stimulus duration. This implies that faster velocity increases the rate of the pacemaker component of the internal clock. Conversely, clicks increased subjective velocity, but the magnitude of this effect was not proportional to actual velocity. Through considerations of these results, we conclude that clicks independently affect velocity and duration representations.
重复性听觉刺激（伴有点击序列）和视觉速度信号对时间的主观流逝均有引人关注的影响。先前的研究已证实，预先呈现听觉点击会增加后续感觉输入的主观持续时间，而且移动速度更快的刺激也会被判断为呈现时间更长（时间膨胀效应）。然而，点击对速度估计的影响尚不清楚，且时间膨胀效应的本质仍不明确。在此，我们进行了一系列五个实验，以更详细地探究这些现象。参与者观看一个向右移动的光栅，其移动速度范围为5至15°/秒，持续时间为500至1500毫秒。在光栅出现之前，会有点击声、寂静或白噪声。结果发现，点击声和更高的速度都会增加主观持续时间。还发现时间膨胀效应是刺激持续时间的一个恒定比例。这意味着更快的速度会增加内部时钟起搏器组件的速率。相反，点击声增加了主观速度，但这种效应的大小与实际速度不成比例。通过对这些结果的思考，我们得出结论，点击声会独立影响速度和持续时间的表征。
