Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, England.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2010 Jul;36(4):892-905. doi: 10.1037/a0019446.
Most models of spoken production predict that shorter utterances should be initiated faster than longer ones. However, whether word-length effects in single word production exist is at present controversial. A series of experiments did not find evidence for such an effect. First, an experimental manipulation of word length in picture naming showed no latency differences. Second, Dutch and English speakers named 2 sets of either objects or words (monosyllabic names in Dutch and disyllabic names in English or vice versa). A length effect, which should manifest itself as an interaction between object set and response language, emerged in word naming but not in picture naming. Third, distractors consisting of the final syllable of disyllabic object names speeded up responses, but at the same time, no word-length effect was found. These results suggest that before the response is initiated, an entire word has been phonologically encoded, but only its initial syllable is placed in an articulatory buffer.
大多数口语产生模型预测，较短的话语应该比较长的话语更快开始。然而，目前对于单字产生中是否存在词长效应存在争议。一系列实验没有发现这种效应的证据。首先，在图片命名中对词长的实验操作没有显示出潜伏期的差异。其次，荷兰语和英语使用者命名了 2 组对象或单词（荷兰语的单音节名称和英语的双音节名称，或者反之亦然）。在单词命名中出现了长度效应，这应该表现为对象集和反应语言之间的交互作用，但在图片命名中没有出现。第三，由双音节对象名称的最后一个音节组成的干扰项加快了反应速度，但同时也没有发现词长效应。这些结果表明，在开始响应之前，整个单词已经被语音编码，但只有其首音节被放置在发音缓冲区中。
