Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, S-412C Genentech Hall, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, United States.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2010 Aug;20(4):464-70. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2010.05.004. Epub 2010 Jun 17.
Most of the 231 unique membrane protein structures (as of 3/2010) are of bacterial membrane proteins (MPs) expressed in bacteria, or eukaryotic MPs from natural sources. However eukaryotic membrane proteins, especially those with more than three membrane crossings rarely succumb to any suitable expression in bacterial cells. They typically require expression in eukaryotic cells that can provide appropriate endoplasmic reticulum, chaperones, targeting and post-translational processing. In evidence, only approximately 20 eukaryotic MP structures have resulted from heterologous expression. This is required for a general approach to target particular human or pathogen membrane proteins of importance to human health. The first of these appeared in 2005. Our review addresses the special issues that pertain to the expression of eukaryotic and human membrane proteins, and recent advances in the tool kit for crystallization and structure determination.
大多数 231 种独特的膜蛋白结构（截至 2010 年 3 月）都是在细菌中表达的细菌膜蛋白（MPs）或来自天然来源的真核 MP。然而，真核膜蛋白，尤其是那些具有三个以上跨膜结构的蛋白，很少能够在细菌细胞中得到合适的表达。它们通常需要在能够提供适当内质网、伴侣蛋白、靶向和翻译后加工的真核细胞中表达。事实上，只有大约 20 种真核 MP 结构是通过异源表达得到的。这对于针对特定的人类或病原体膜蛋白（对人类健康很重要）的通用方法是必需的。第一个出现在 2005 年。我们的综述讨论了与真核和人类膜蛋白表达相关的特殊问题，以及结晶和结构确定工具包的最新进展。
