Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010 Oct;2(10):a000422. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a000422. Epub 2010 Aug 25.
Mounting evidence in recent years has challenged the dogma that prokaryotes are simple and undefined cells devoid of an organized subcellular architecture. In fact, proteins once thought to be the purely eukaryotic inventions, including relatives of actin and tubulin control prokaryotic cell shape, DNA segregation, and cytokinesis. Similarly, compartmentalization, commonly noted as a distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells, is also prevalent in the prokaryotic world in the form of protein-bounded and lipid-bounded organelles. In this article we highlight some of these prokaryotic organelles and discuss the current knowledge on their ultrastructure and the molecular mechanisms of their biogenesis and maintenance.
近年来越来越多的证据对原核生物是简单的、无组织的细胞，没有明确的亚细胞结构的教条提出了挑战。事实上，曾经被认为是纯粹真核生物发明的蛋白质，包括肌动蛋白和微管蛋白的相关蛋白控制着原核细胞的形状、DNA 分离和胞质分裂。同样，区室化通常被认为是真核细胞的一个显著特征，在原核世界中也以蛋白质结合和脂类结合的细胞器的形式存在。在本文中，我们将重点介绍其中一些原核细胞器，并讨论它们的超微结构以及它们发生和维持的分子机制的现有知识。
