Kotakadi Sai Manogna, Borelli Deva Prasad Raju, Nannepaga John Sushma
Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India.
Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 Apr 25;10:789016. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.789016. eCollection 2022.
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are aquatic microorganisms have the ability to biomineralize magnetosomes, which are membrane-enclosed magnetic nanoparticles. Magnetosomes are organized in a chain inside the MTB, allowing them to align with and traverse along the earth's magnetic field. Magnetosomes have several potential applications for targeted cancer therapy when isolated from the MTB, including magnetic hyperthermia, localized medication delivery, and tumour monitoring. Magnetosomes features and properties for various applications outperform manufactured magnetic nanoparticles in several ways. Similarly, the entire MTB can be regarded as prospective agents for cancer treatment, thanks to their flagella's ability to self-propel and the magnetosome chain's ability to guide them. MTBs are conceptualized as nanobiots that can be guided and manipulated by external magnetic fields and are driven to hypoxic areas, such as tumor sites, while retaining the therapeutic and imaging characteristics of isolated magnetosomes. Furthermore, unlike most bacteria now being studied in clinical trials for cancer treatment, MTB are not pathogenic but might be modified to deliver and express certain cytotoxic chemicals. This review will assess the current and prospects of this burgeoning research field and the major obstacles that must be overcome before MTB can be successfully used in clinical treatments.
趋磁细菌（MTB）是一种水生微生物，具有生物矿化磁小体的能力，磁小体是被膜包裹的磁性纳米颗粒。磁小体在趋磁细菌内部排列成链，使它们能够与地磁场对齐并沿地磁场移动。从趋磁细菌中分离出来的磁小体在靶向癌症治疗方面有多种潜在应用，包括磁热疗、局部药物递送和肿瘤监测。磁小体在各种应用中的特性和性能在几个方面优于人工制造的磁性纳米颗粒。同样，由于趋磁细菌的鞭毛具有自我推进能力以及磁小体链具有引导它们的能力，整个趋磁细菌可被视为癌症治疗的潜在药物。趋磁细菌被概念化为纳米机器人，可由外部磁场引导和操纵，并被驱动到缺氧区域，如肿瘤部位，同时保留分离出的磁小体的治疗和成像特性。此外，与目前正在临床试验中研究用于癌症治疗的大多数细菌不同，趋磁细菌不是病原体，但可以进行改造以递送和表达某些细胞毒性化学物质。本综述将评估这一新兴研究领域的现状和前景，以及在趋磁细菌能够成功用于临床治疗之前必须克服的主要障碍。
