Timson B F
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield 65804.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1990 Dec;69(6):1935-45. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1990.69.6.1935.
Skeletal muscle is known to enlarge in response to high-resistance training programs in humans. Study of the cellular mechanisms of muscle enlargement and the adaptations of muscle to strength-training programs has been difficult because of the need to analyze entire muscles. This precludes the use of human subjects in many experiments of this nature. Several animal models have been developed for the study of muscle enlargement; these models basically fall into three categories: 1) stretch hypertrophy, 2) compensatory hypertrophy, and 3) exercise-induced hypertrophy. This review attempts to analyze these models as models of muscle enlargement produced by strength training in humans. Three areas must be considered when evaluating animal models of human muscle enlargement produced by strength training: 1) response topography, 2) magnitude of enlargement, and 3) muscle fiber adaptations produced as a result of the enlargement. Based on these considerations, it is concluded that none of the animal models currently in use truly represents the human strength-training situation under all conditions. All three models, however, provide valuable information about the plasticity of skeletal muscle in response to a broad spectrum of muscle enlargement.
众所周知，在人类中，骨骼肌会因高阻力训练计划而增大。由于需要分析整块肌肉，对肌肉增大的细胞机制以及肌肉对力量训练计划的适应性的研究一直很困难。这使得在许多此类性质的实验中无法使用人类受试者。已经开发了几种动物模型用于研究肌肉增大；这些模型基本上可分为三类：1）拉伸性肥大，2）代偿性肥大，3）运动诱导性肥大。本综述试图将这些模型分析为人类力量训练产生的肌肉增大模型。在评估力量训练产生的人类肌肉增大的动物模型时，必须考虑三个方面：1）反应形态，2）增大的幅度，3）增大导致的肌肉纤维适应性。基于这些考虑，得出的结论是，目前使用的动物模型在所有情况下都不能真正代表人类力量训练的情况。然而，所有这三种模型都提供了有关骨骼肌在应对广泛的肌肉增大时的可塑性的有价值信息。
