Ward L M
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1987 May;13(2):216-27. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.13.2.216.
What is the role of long-term memories of previous stimulus-response mappings, and of previous sensory and perceptual experiences generally, in psychophysical scaling judgments? I conducted four experiments in an attempt to provide some preliminary answers to this question. In each experiment, subjects made judgments of the loudness of sounds on 3 successive days. Stimulus intensities were drawn randomly from the same set on Days 1 and 3 but from a different set, either all 12 dB higher or all 12 dB lower, on Day 2. Four different types of psychophysical scaling judgments were studied: category judgment without an experimenter-induced identification function, ratio magnitude estimation with a variable standard, absolute magnitude estimation, and cross-modality matching. The first two methods required completely relative judgment, the last two completely absolute judgment. Data from all methods reveal profound effects of stimulus-response mappings experienced on previous days (long-term memory) and immediately previous stimuli and responses (short-term memory) on responses to current stimuli. Responses were typically a compromise between absolute and relative judgment. Individual differences were dramatic.
先前刺激-反应映射的长期记忆，以及一般而言先前的感觉和知觉体验，在心理物理学标度判断中起什么作用？我进行了四项实验，试图为这个问题提供一些初步答案。在每项实验中，受试者连续三天对声音的响度进行判断。刺激强度在第1天和第3天从同一组中随机抽取，但在第2天从另一组中抽取，要么都高12分贝，要么都低12分贝。研究了四种不同类型的心理物理学标度判断：没有实验者诱导识别功能的类别判断、可变标准的比率大小估计、绝对大小估计和跨模态匹配。前两种方法需要完全相对判断，后两种需要完全绝对判断。所有方法的数据都揭示了前几天经历的刺激-反应映射（长期记忆）以及紧接在前的刺激和反应（短期记忆）对当前刺激反应的深刻影响。反应通常是绝对判断和相对判断之间的折衷。个体差异很大。
