Secretory Pathways Laboratory, London Research Institute Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, U.K.
Nat Cell Biol. 2010 Sep;12(9):831-5. doi: 10.1038/ncb0910-831.
Macroautophagy is initiated by the formation of the phagophore (also called the isolation membrane). This membrane can both selectively and non-selectively engulf cytosolic components, grow and close around the sequestered components and then deliver them to a degradative organelle, the lysosome. Where this membrane comes from and how it grows is not well understood. Since the discovery of autophagy in the 1950s the source of the membrane has been investigated, debated and re-investigated, with the consensus view oscillating between a de novo assembly mechanism or formation from the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or the Golgi. In recent months, new information has emerged that both the ER and mitochondria may provide a membrane source, enlightening some older findings and revealing how complex the initiation of autophagy may be in mammalian cells.
自噬作用是由吞噬体（也称为隔离膜）的形成引发的。该膜既能选择性地又能非选择性地吞噬胞质成分，生长并围绕被隔离的成分关闭，然后将其递送至降解细胞器，溶酶体。该膜的来源以及如何生长尚不清楚。自噬作用于 20 世纪 50 年代被发现以来，人们一直在研究、争论和重新研究该膜的来源，其共识观点在从头组装机制或内质网（ER）或高尔基体膜的形成之间摇摆不定。最近几个月，出现了新的信息，表明 ER 和线粒体都可能提供膜的来源，这阐明了一些较旧的发现，并揭示了自噬作用在哺乳动物细胞中的起始可能是多么复杂。
