Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YF, UK.
Cognition. 2010 Nov;117(2):176-81. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2010.08.009. Epub 2010 Sep 1.
Previous research has suggested that false memories can prime performance on related implicit and explicit memory tasks. The present research examined whether false memories can also be used to prime higher order cognitive processes, namely, insight-based problem solving. Participants were asked to solve a number of compound remote associate task (CRAT) problems, half of which had been primed by the presentation of Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) lists whose critical lure was also the solution to the problem. The results showed that when the critical lure: (a) was falsely recalled, CRAT problems were solved more often and significantly faster than problems that were not primed by a DRM list and (b) was not falsely recalled, CRAT problem solution rates and times were no different than when there was no DRM priming. A second experiment demonstrated that these outcomes were not a simple artifact of the inclusion of a recall test prior to the problem solving task. The implications of these results are discussed with regard to the previous literature on priming and the adaptive function of false memories.
先前的研究表明，错误记忆可以为相关的内隐和外显记忆任务提供动力。本研究考察了错误记忆是否也可以用于启动更高阶的认知过程，即基于洞察力的问题解决。参与者被要求解决一些复合远程联想任务（CRAT）问题，其中一半是由呈现德西/罗迪格-麦克德莫特（DRM）列表来启动的，而关键诱饵也是问题的解决方案。结果表明，当关键诱饵：（a）被错误地回忆起时，与没有被 DRM 列表启动的问题相比，CRAT 问题的解决频率和速度显著提高；（b）没有被错误地回忆起时，CRAT 问题的解决频率和时间与没有 DRM 启动时没有区别。第二项实验表明，这些结果并不是在解决问题任务之前包含回忆测试的简单结果。这些结果与先前关于启动和错误记忆的适应性功能的文献进行了讨论。
