Howe Mark L, Garner Sarah R
a Department of Psychology and Centre for Memory and Law , City, University of London , London , UK.
b Centre for Memory and Law , City, University of London , London , UK.
Memory. 2018 Jan;26(1):96-105. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2017.1332226. Epub 2017 May 29.
Research has demonstrated that false memories are capable of priming and facilitating insight-based problem-solving tasks by increasing solution rates and decreasing solution times. The present research extended this finding by investigating whether false memories could be used to bias ambiguous insight-based problem-solving tasks in a similar manner. Compound remote associate task (CRAT) problems with two possible correct answers, a dominant and a non-dominant solution, were created and normed (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, participants were asked to solve these CRAT problems after they were given Deese/Roediger-McDermott lists whose critical lures were also the non-dominant solution to half of the corresponding CRATs. As predicted, when false memories served as primes, solution rates were higher and solution times were faster for non-dominant than dominant CRAT solutions. This biasing effect was only found when participants falsely recalled the critical lure, and was not found when participants did not falsely recall the critical lure, or when they were not primed. Results are discussed with regard to spreading activation models of solution competition in problem-solving tasks and current theories of false memory priming effects.
研究表明，错误记忆能够通过提高解决问题的成功率和缩短解决问题的时间，来启动并促进基于顿悟的问题解决任务。本研究通过调查错误记忆是否能够以类似方式使基于顿悟的模糊问题解决任务产生偏差，扩展了这一发现。创建并标准化了具有两种可能正确答案（一种主导解决方案和一种非主导解决方案）的复合远程联想任务（CRAT）问题（实验1）。在实验2中，参与者在被给予迪斯/罗迪格-麦克德莫特列表后被要求解决这些CRAT问题，这些列表中的关键诱饵也是相应CRAT中一半问题的非主导解决方案。正如预测的那样，当错误记忆作为启动因素时，非主导CRAT解决方案的解决成功率更高，解决时间更快。这种偏差效应仅在参与者错误回忆关键诱饵时才被发现，而当参与者没有错误回忆关键诱饵或没有被启动时则未发现。结合问题解决任务中解决方案竞争的扩散激活模型和当前错误记忆启动效应理论对结果进行了讨论。
