Internalization of p53(14-29) peptide amphiphiles and subsequent endosomal disruption results in SJSA-1 cell death.

In vivo peptide inhibition of tumor suppressor p53 binding to the protein MDM2 is hampered by inefficient delivery of the peptide. Our approach to couple a hydrophobic lipid-like tail on the inhibitory peptide p53(14-29) allowed its intracellular delivery in vitro, in a panel of different cell lines. The constructed chimeric molecules, termed peptide amphiphiles, further self-assembled into supramolecular structures, identified as elongated wormlike micelles. Internalization of peptides occurred following micelle disassembly, partly via clathrin-mediated endocytosis of monomers. Incubation of SJSA-1 cells in hypertonic culture media, aimed to disrupt endocytic vesicles, resulted in peptide amphiphile-mediated cell death. Our results provide the basis for the construction of novel therapeutic supramolecular nanoparticles and suggest hydrophobic modification of peptides as a promising strategy for enhancing delivery of impermeable peptides.