Hercher Laura
Joan H. Marks Human Genetics Program, Sarah Lawrence College, Bronxville, NY 10708, USA.
J Genet Couns. 2010 Dec;19(6):551-3. doi: 10.1007/s10897-010-9323-z. Epub 2010 Sep 8.
The process of testing to determine gender in putatively female athletes was developed in order to prevent cheating, but has devolved instead into a clumsy mechanism for detecting disorders of sexual development (DSD's). In over thirty years of compulsory testing, individuals with DSD's have been stigmatized and some have been denied the right to compete, although frequently their condition provided no competitive advantage. More recent guidelines require testing only on a case-by-case basis; the South African runner Caster Semenya was the first major test of this policy, and her experience points to the need for a more sensitive and confidential process. In addition, her case dramatizes the inadequacy of the term "gender verification." Gender identity is a complex entity and resists simple classification. Sports authorities may set guidelines for who can compete, but they should refrain from taking on themselves the authority to decide who is and who is not a female.
为防止作弊而制定的对疑似女性运动员进行性别鉴定的程序，却演变成了一种检测性发育障碍（DSD）的笨拙机制。在三十多年的强制检测中，患有DSD的个体受到了污名化，一些人甚至被剥夺了参赛权利，尽管他们的情况通常并未带来竞争优势。最近的指导方针要求仅在个别情况下进行检测；南非运动员卡斯特·塞门亚是该政策的首个重大考验，她的经历表明需要一个更具敏感性和保密性的程序。此外，她的案例凸显了“性别验证”一词的不足。性别认同是一个复杂的概念，难以简单分类。体育管理机构可以为参赛人员制定指导方针，但不应自行决定谁是或谁不是女性。
