Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
Schizophr Res. 2010 Nov;123(2-3):93-104. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.027. Epub 2010 Sep 15.
Involvement of the insular cortex is a common finding in neuroanatomical studies of schizophrenia, yet its contribution to disease pathology remains unknown. This review describes the normal function of the insula and examines pathology of this region in schizophrenia. The insula is a cortical structure with extensive connections to many areas of the cortex and limbic system. It integrates external sensory input with the limbic system and is integral to the awareness of the body's state (interoception). Many deficits observed in schizophrenia involve these functions and may relate to insula pathology. Furthermore, reports describing deficits caused by lesions of the insula parallel deficits observed in schizophrenia. Examples of insula-related functions that are altered in schizophrenia include the processing of both visual and auditory emotional information, pain, and neuronal representations of the self. The last of these functions, processing representations of the self, plays a key role in discriminating between self-generated and external information, suggesting that insula dysfunction may contribute to hallucinations, a cardinal feature of schizophrenia.
岛叶皮层的参与是精神分裂症神经解剖学研究中的常见发现，但它对疾病病理的贡献仍不清楚。本综述描述了岛叶皮层的正常功能，并检查了精神分裂症中该区域的病理学。岛叶是一个皮质结构，与皮质和边缘系统的许多区域有广泛的联系。它将外部感觉输入与边缘系统整合在一起，是对身体状态（内感受）的意识的重要组成部分。精神分裂症中观察到的许多缺陷涉及这些功能，可能与岛叶病理学有关。此外，描述的由岛叶损伤引起的缺陷与精神分裂症中观察到的缺陷相似。在精神分裂症中改变的与岛叶相关的功能的例子包括视觉和听觉情绪信息、疼痛和自我的神经元表示的处理。最后一个功能，即自我表示的处理，在区分自我产生的和外部信息方面起着关键作用，这表明岛叶功能障碍可能导致幻觉，这是精神分裂症的一个主要特征。
