Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Addict Behav. 2011 Jan-Feb;36(1-2):18-26. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.08.002. Epub 2010 Aug 26.
Dual-process models of addiction propose that alcohol (mis)use develops because of an imbalance between a fast automatic appetitive system, in which stimuli are valued in terms of their emotional and motivational significance and a slower controlled regulatory system, which acts on deliberate considerations. This study focused on the automatic and regulatory processes that are involved in the early stages of young adolescent alcohol use. Participants were 43 young adolescent drinkers, who completed an explicit alcohol valence measure, two versions of an Affective Simon Task (AST), a working memory task and an alcohol use questionnaire. Alcohol use was associated with relatively positive self-reported valence of alcohol pictures, especially for adolescents with lower inhibition capacity. The Affective Simon Tasks did not show stronger automatic approach tendencies in heavier drinkers. This study suggests that in early stages of alcohol use appetitive valence is a more important stimulator for the initiation of alcohol use than automatic approach tendencies, and supports the view that young adolescents with low inhibition capacity are especially at risk for developing alcohol misuse. Prevention therefore should be focused on reducing the attractive valence of alcoholic drinks and strengthening the cognitive control of at-risk children.
双加工模型认为，酒精（滥用）的发展是由于快速自动的欲望系统和较慢的受控调节系统之间的不平衡造成的。在这个系统中，刺激根据其情绪和动机意义来评估，而受控调节系统则根据深思熟虑的考虑因素来行动。本研究集中于自动和调节过程，这些过程涉及青少年早期饮酒的早期阶段。参与者为 43 名青少年饮酒者，他们完成了一项明确的酒精效价测量、两种情感 Simon 任务（AST）、一项工作记忆任务和一项酒精使用问卷。酒精使用与自我报告的酒精图片相对积极的效价有关，特别是对抑制能力较低的青少年而言。情感 Simon 任务在饮酒量较高的人群中并未显示出更强的自动趋近倾向。这项研究表明，在酒精使用的早期阶段，与自动趋近倾向相比，吸引力效价是引发酒精使用的更重要刺激因素，并且支持这样一种观点，即抑制能力较低的青少年特别容易出现酒精滥用的风险。因此，预防应侧重于降低酒精饮料的吸引力效价，并加强对高危儿童的认知控制。
