Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Sep;1205:94-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05670.x.
Perinatal mortality rate (PMR) is one of the most important perinatal health indicators. PMR in diabetic pregnancies varies throughout the world and is higher than the background PMR. The prevalence of pregestational diabetes is increasing and is associated with an elevated risk of congenital malformations, macrosomia, preeclampsia, and preterm delivery. The incidence of PMR in preexisting diabetes mellitus ranges considerably, with congenital abnormalities and preterm labor the main factors contributing to the higher PMR. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance are a mixed group that may have low to a high PMR, especially if they require insulin in their pregnancy. All the known diabetic women should plan their pregnancies and optimize glycemic control periconceptually and throughout pregnancy, as this reduces the frequency of congenital abnormalities, obstetric complications, and perinatal mortality.
围产儿死亡率（PMR）是围产健康的最重要指标之一。全世界范围内，糖尿病孕妇的 PMR 各不相同，且高于背景 PMR。孕前糖尿病的发病率正在上升，并与先天畸形、巨大儿、子痫前期和早产的风险增加有关。在患有糖尿病的孕妇中，PMR 的发生率差异很大，先天畸形和早产是导致 PMR 升高的主要因素。患有妊娠期糖尿病或糖耐量受损的孕妇属于混合人群，其 PMR 可能较低或较高，尤其是在妊娠期间需要胰岛素治疗的情况下。所有已知的糖尿病女性都应计划怀孕，并在围孕期和整个孕期内优化血糖控制，因为这可以降低先天畸形、产科并发症和围产儿死亡的发生频率。
