Pomrehn P, Sciandra R, Shipley R, Lynn W, Lando H
For The Commit Research Group, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City.
Int Q Community Health Educ. 1990 Jan 1;11(3):259-69. doi: 10.2190/JR72-YH84-252Y-32LE.
Of the 17 million smokers in North America who attempt to quit smoking each year, fewer than one in ten succeed [1, 2]. How can communities improve smokers' chances of quitting? The National Cancer Institute addresses this question through COMMIT, the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation. COMMIT is the largest smoking intervention trial in the world, involving over 2 million people in twenty-two North American communities. The study protocol requires that the implementation of mandated interventions in each community be managed by a Community Board and at least four task forces (Health Care, Worksites and Organizations, Cessation Resources, and Public Education, including Media and Youth). Three required and three optional interventions in the COMMIT protocol relate to the availability of cessation resources and services. The Cessation Resources Task Force, composed of community volunteers, supervises implementation of these interventions at each site. The activities of each task force are integrated with the others in a community action plan. How COMMIT activities enhance the utilization of cessation resources and services and how these services fit into a community intervention is the subject of this article. Descriptions of the study design and evaluation plan, and of the community mobilization process are presented elsewhere [3, 4].
在北美，每年有1700万吸烟者试图戒烟，但成功戒烟的人数不到十分之一[1,2]。社区如何提高吸烟者戒烟的成功率？美国国家癌症研究所通过“戒烟社区干预试验（COMMIT）”来解决这个问题。COMMIT是世界上最大的吸烟干预试验，涉及北美22个社区的200多万人。研究方案要求每个社区的强制性干预措施由一个社区委员会和至少四个特别工作组（医疗保健、工作场所与组织、戒烟资源以及公共教育，包括媒体和青年）来管理。COMMIT方案中有三项必选干预措施和三项可选干预措施与戒烟资源和服务的可获得性有关。由社区志愿者组成的戒烟资源特别工作组负责监督每个地点这些干预措施的实施。每个特别工作组的活动在社区行动计划中与其他组的活动整合在一起。本文的主题是COMMIT活动如何提高戒烟资源和服务的利用率，以及这些服务如何融入社区干预。研究设计与评估计划以及社区动员过程的描述在其他地方给出[3,4]。
