Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, EA 3430, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
J Hypertens. 2011 Jan;29(1):43-50. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32833f9c4d.
This work aims to assess high blood pressure (BP) prevalence and control and their associated factors in a population-based study conducted in three French areas: the Urban Community of Lille and the districts of Bas-Rhin and Haute-Garonne, between 2005 and 2007.
Participants were randomly recruited from electoral rolls after stratification on sex, 10-year age group (35-74 years) and town size. BP was measured by trained medical staff following standardized procedures. High BP was defined as BP at least 140/90 mmHg and/or taking antihypertensive drugs or following a specific diet. BP below 140/90 mmHg among treated individuals was considered adequately controlled (<130/80 mmHg among diabetics).
Four thousand eight hundred and twenty-five participants were recruited (mean age 55.5 ± 11.3 years). The prevalence of high BP was greater in men (47%) than in women (35%). Antihypertensive treatment concerned 80% of the hypertensive individuals with most often a combination therapy. Control rates concerned only 38% of women and 22% of men and decreased with age. Metabolic risk factors and aging were independently associated with high BP prevalence as were low educational level and alcohol consumption. Diabetes and high cardiovascular risk were strong independent predictors of uncontrolled BP. The use of multiple drug treatment did not predict a better control.
Hypertension is frequent in France, particularly in the age group 55-74 years. Control rates remain low, particularly in high-risk, older and diabetic individuals. Intensified efforts are required to improve lifestyle, awareness of the condition, and use of appropriate and well tolerated combination therapy.
本研究旨在评估 2005 年至 2007 年在法国三个地区（里尔城市社区以及下莱茵省和上加龙省）进行的一项基于人群的研究中高血压（BP）的患病率和控制情况及其相关因素。
研究对象通过分层抽样，按照性别、10 岁年龄组（35-74 岁）和城镇规模，从选民名单中随机招募。BP 由经过培训的医务人员按照标准化程序进行测量。高血压定义为 BP 至少为 140/90mmHg，或正在服用抗高血压药物或遵循特定饮食。在接受治疗的人群中，BP 低于 140/90mmHg 被认为得到了充分控制（糖尿病患者为<130/80mmHg）。
共招募了 4825 名参与者（平均年龄 55.5±11.3 岁）。男性（47%）的高血压患病率高于女性（35%）。抗高血压治疗涉及 80%的高血压患者，其中大多数为联合治疗。仅 38%的女性和 22%的男性血压得到了控制，且控制率随年龄增长而降低。代谢危险因素和老龄化与高血压患病率独立相关，而低教育水平和饮酒则与之相关。糖尿病和高心血管风险是未得到控制的 BP 的独立强预测因素。使用多种药物治疗并不能预测更好的控制效果。
法国高血压的发病率很高，特别是在 55-74 岁年龄组。控制率仍然很低，特别是在高危、老年和糖尿病患者中。需要加强努力，改善生活方式、对病情的认识以及使用适当且耐受良好的联合治疗。
