College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2011 Feb;25(1):294-300. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.09.007. Epub 2010 Sep 18.
The toxicities of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium ions and various concentrations of mixtures of them were studied using sea urchin (Strongylocentyotus intermedius) embryo-larval bioassay. Toxic unit analysis was used to determine type of joint action for each mixture combination (binary, ternary and quaternary). For the majority of the binary combinations, the interactions were of synergistic nature, but in ternary or quaternary mixtures, the joint action was mainly concentration additive, while antagonism was only observed for two mixtures (Cu+Pb and Zn+Cd) among all the 11 combinations. Two prevailing theoretical models: the concentration addition (CA) model and the independent action (IA) model were used to predict the mixture toxicities. The weak correlation obtained (R≃0.55) indicated that the hypotheses of mode of action involved in the two models to some extent failed to describe the behavior of the mixture system. Then a novel bio-concentration factor-based model was developed and was successful to predict the toxicities of mixtures, with an obtained R of 0.92. This model indicated that in a mixture system of heavy metals, the joint toxicity was mainly determined by the combined action of bio-concentrations of metals other than the simply similar (CA) or dissimilar (IA) modes of action of the mixture components.
采用海洋海胆（Strongylocentrotus intermedius）胚胎-幼体生物测定法研究了铜、铅、锌和镉离子及其各种浓度混合的毒性。采用毒性单位分析来确定每种混合物组合（二元、三元和四元）的联合作用类型。对于大多数二元组合，相互作用具有协同性质，但在三元或四元混合物中，联合作用主要是浓度加性，而在所有 11 种组合中，仅观察到两种混合物（Cu+Pb 和 Zn+Cd）具有拮抗作用。使用两种流行的理论模型：浓度加和（CA）模型和独立作用（IA）模型来预测混合物毒性。得到的弱相关性（R≃0.55）表明，两个模型中涉及的作用方式假设在某种程度上未能描述混合物系统的行为。然后开发了一种基于生物浓缩系数的新型模型，并成功地预测了混合物的毒性，得到的 R 为 0.92。该模型表明，在重金属混合物系统中，联合毒性主要取决于金属的生物浓缩的联合作用，而不是混合物成分的简单相似（CA）或不同（IA）作用方式。
