Department of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Italy.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2010 Oct;89(10):854-61. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181f1c1c7.
The muscle healing process is defined as a complex and dynamic process resulting in the restoration of anatomic continuity and function. This process is characterized by a cascade of events triggered by the tissue injury itself. It is widely accepted that growth factors play a central role in the healing processes by modulating the recruitment, duplication, activation, and differentiation of different cell types. This observation is the basis on which the use of platelet-rich plasma in several circumstances is founded; all of them requiring the activation or the modulation of the tissue repair process. There is an extensive documentation of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating the safety and efficacy of growth factors in the muscle healing process. Unfortunately, the precise biological efficacy and the lack of long-term side effects have not been clearly demonstrated. With regard to sports medicine, doping-related issues are still a matter of debate, especially regarding the treatment of muscle injuries. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of growth factors during muscle healing processes and to discuss the implications of platelet-rich plasma in its therapeutic applications. Sports medicine issues are also discussed particularly with regard to antidoping regulations.
肌肉愈合过程被定义为一个复杂且动态的过程，导致解剖连续性和功能的恢复。这个过程的特点是一系列由组织损伤本身引发的事件级联。人们普遍认为，生长因子通过调节不同细胞类型的募集、复制、激活和分化，在愈合过程中起着核心作用。这一观察结果是在几种情况下使用富含血小板的血浆的基础，所有这些情况都需要激活或调节组织修复过程。有大量的体外和体内研究证明了生长因子在肌肉愈合过程中的安全性和有效性。不幸的是，其确切的生物学疗效和缺乏长期副作用尚未得到明确证明。在运动医学中，与兴奋剂相关的问题仍然是一个争论的话题，特别是在肌肉损伤的治疗方面。本文的目的是检查生长因子在肌肉愈合过程中的作用，并讨论富含血小板的血浆在其治疗应用中的意义。还特别讨论了运动医学问题，特别是与反兴奋剂法规有关的问题。
