Vargas Becerra Mario Humberto
Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas y Unidad de Investigación Medica en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México, DF.
Rev Alerg Mex. 2009;56 Suppl 1:S3-9.
Through the use of the same questionnaire translated to several Languages, the ISAAC study demonstrated that asthma prevalence among children and adolescents greatly vary around the world, being less than 2% in some places and more than 25% in others. In Mexico the prevalence is also variable, being for example approximately 5% in Mexico City and approximately 12% in Merida, Yucatán. This variability in the asthma frequency correlates inversely with the altitude of the region and directly with its temperature. According to official statistics, the nationwide annual incidence of asthma in Mexico is 2.78 per 1000 inhabitants. In last decades an epidemic rise of asthma cases was recorded in many parts of the world, which seems to become stabilized from the middle of 90's onward. Asthma frequency augments in some months of the year, being in Mexico much higher between October and January. The peak incidence of asthma occurs among children, diminishes in adolescence and early adulthood, and slightly rises in subsequent age-periods. During childhood, asthma frequency is higher in males, but after adolescence becomes more common among women. In Mexico, asthma mortality has been gradually declining since more than 15 years ago.
通过使用翻译成多种语言的相同问卷，国际儿童哮喘和变应性鼻炎研究（ISAAC）表明，儿童和青少年中的哮喘患病率在世界各地差异很大，在某些地方低于2%，而在其他地方则超过25%。在墨西哥，患病率也各不相同，例如在墨西哥城约为5%，在尤卡坦州梅里达约为12%。哮喘发病率的这种差异与该地区的海拔高度呈负相关，与温度呈正相关。根据官方统计，墨西哥全国哮喘的年发病率为每1000名居民2.78例。在过去几十年中，世界许多地区都记录到哮喘病例的流行上升，而从90年代中期开始似乎趋于稳定。哮喘发病率在一年中的某些月份会增加，在墨西哥，10月至1月期间发病率要高得多。哮喘的发病率高峰出现在儿童期，在青春期和成年早期下降，在随后的年龄段略有上升。在儿童期，男性的哮喘发病率较高，但青春期后在女性中更为常见。在墨西哥，自15多年前以来，哮喘死亡率一直在逐渐下降。
