Department of Plant and Soil Science, Tracy Farmer Institute for Sustainability and the Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Nov 1;44(21):8308-13. doi: 10.1021/es101885w.
Because Au nanoparticles (NPs) are resistant to oxidative dissolution and are easily detected, they have been used as stable probes for the behavior of nanomaterials within biological systems. Previous studies provide somewhat limited evidence for bioavailability of Au NPs in food webs, because the spatial distribution within tissues and the speciation of Au was not determined. In this study, we provide multiple lines of evidence, including orthogonal microspectroscopic techniques, as well as evidence from biological responses, that Au NPs are bioavailable from soil to a model detritivore (Eisenia fetida). We also present limited evidence that Au NPs may cause adverse effects on earthworm reproduction. This is perhaps the first study to demonstrate that Au NPs can be taken up by detritivores from soil and distributed among tissues. We found that primary particle size (20 or 55 nm) did not consistently influence accumulated concentrations on a mass concentration basis; however, on a particle number basis the 20 nm particles were more bioavailable. Differences in bioavailability between the treatments may have been explained by aggregation behavior in pore water. The results suggest that nanoparticles present in soil from activities such as biosolids application have the potential to enter terrestrial food webs.
由于金纳米粒子（Au NPs）具有抗氧化溶解的特性，且易于检测，因此它们已被用作生物系统中纳米材料行为的稳定探针。先前的研究为 Au NPs 在食物网中的生物可利用性提供了一些有限的证据，因为未确定组织内 Au NPs 的空间分布和形态。在这项研究中，我们提供了多种证据，包括正交微光谱技术，以及来自生物反应的证据，表明 Au NPs 可从土壤中被模式腐食生物（赤子爱胜蚓）摄取。我们还提供了有限的证据表明 Au NPs 可能对蚯蚓繁殖产生不利影响。这也许是第一项证明 Au NPs 可被腐食生物从土壤中摄取并在组织中分布的研究。我们发现，初级粒径（20 或 55nm）并不始终以质量浓度为基础影响累积浓度；然而，以颗粒数为基础，20nm 颗粒的生物可利用性更高。处理之间生物可利用性的差异可能可以用孔隙水中的聚集行为来解释。研究结果表明，来自生物固体应用等活动的土壤中的纳米颗粒有可能进入陆地食物网。
