Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
J Thromb Haemost. 2010 Dec;8(12):2596-607. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04074.x.
Microparticles and exosomes are cell-derived microvesicles present in body fluids that play a role in coagulation, inflammation, cellular homeostasis and survival, intercellular communication, and transport. Despite increasing scientific and clinical interest, no standard procedures are available for the isolation, detection and characterization of microparticles and exosomes, because their size is below the reach of conventional detection methods. Our objective is to give an overview of currently available and potentially applicable methods for optical and non-optical determination of the size, concentration, morphology, biochemical composition and cellular origin of microparticles and exosomes. The working principle of all methods is briefly discussed, as well as their applications and limitations based on the underlying physical parameters of the technique. For most methods, the expected size distribution for a given microvesicle population is determined. The explanations of the physical background and the outcomes of our calculations provide insights into the capabilities of each method and make a comparison possible between the discussed methods. In conclusion, several (combinations of) methods can detect clinically relevant properties of microparticles and exosomes. These methods should be further explored and validated by comparing measurement results so that accurate, reliable and fast solutions come within reach.
微粒体和外泌体是存在于体液中的细胞衍生的微泡，在凝血、炎症、细胞内稳态和存活、细胞间通讯和运输中发挥作用。尽管人们越来越感兴趣，但由于它们的尺寸低于传统检测方法的检测范围，因此尚无用于分离、检测和表征微粒体和外泌体的标准程序。我们的目的是概述目前可用于光学和非光学方法的、用于确定微粒体和外泌体的大小、浓度、形态、生化组成和细胞起源的方法。简要讨论了所有方法的工作原理，以及基于技术的基础物理参数的应用和局限性。对于大多数方法，确定了给定微泡群体的预期尺寸分布。对物理背景的解释和我们计算的结果提供了对每种方法的能力的深入了解，并使所讨论的方法之间的比较成为可能。总之，几种（组合）方法可以检测微粒体和外泌体的临床相关特性。这些方法应该通过比较测量结果进一步进行探索和验证，以便获得准确、可靠和快速的解决方案。
