Stemper Brian D, Board Derek, Yoganandan Narayan, Wolfla Christopher E
Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
J Craniovertebr Junction Spine. 2010 Jan;1(1):18-22. doi: 10.4103/0974-8237.65477.
BACKGROUND: The objective was to determine the age-dependent compressive and tensile properties of female and male thoracic spine segments using postmortem human subjects (PMHS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight thoracic disc segments at T4-5, T6-7, T8-9, and T10-11 levels from 12 PMHS T3-T11 spinal columns were divided into groups A and B based on specimen age and loaded in compression and tension. Stiffness and elastic modulus were computed. Stiffness was defined as the slope in the linear region of the force-displacement response. Elastic modulus was defined as the slope of the stress strain curve. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine significant differences (P<0.05) in the disc cross-sectional area, stiffness, and elastic modulus based on gender, spinal level, and group. RESULTS: Specimen ages in group A (28 ± 8 years) were significantly lower than in group B (70 ± 7 years). Male discs had significantly greater area (7.2 ± 2.0 sq cm) than female discs (5.9 ± 1.8 sq cm). Tensile and compressive stiffness values were significantly different between the two age groups, but not between gender and level. Specimens in group A had greater tensile (486 ± 108 N/mm) and compressive (3300 ± 642 N/mm) stiffness values compared to group B specimens (tension: 397 ± 124 N/mm, compression: 2527 ± 734 N/mm). Tensile and compressive elastic modulus values depended upon age group and gender, but not on level. Group A specimens had significantly greater tensile and compressive moduli (2.9 ± 0.8 MPa, 19.5 ± 4.1 MPa) than group B specimens (1.7 ± 0.6 MPa, 10.6 ± 3.4 MPa). Female specimens showed significantly greater tensile and compressive moduli (2.6 ± 1.0 MPa, 16.6 ± 6.4 MPa) than male specimens (2.0 ± 0.7 MPa, 13.7 ± 5.0 MPa). DISCUSSION: Using the two groups to represent "young" and "old" specimens, this study showed that the mechanical response decreases in older specimens, and the decrease is greater in compressive than distractive properties. While the decrease is expected, the relative change between the two modes of loading has not been reported. Another conclusion from the study is that the mechanical properties depend on gender, although not as decisive due to sample size.
背景：本研究旨在通过使用尸体人类受试者（PMHS）来确定女性和男性胸椎节段的年龄依赖性压缩和拉伸特性。 材料与方法：从12具T3 - T11脊柱的尸体人类受试者中获取48个T4 - 5、T6 - 7、T8 - 9和T10 - 11水平的胸椎间盘节段，根据标本年龄分为A组和B组，并进行压缩和拉伸加载。计算刚度和弹性模量。刚度定义为力 - 位移响应线性区域的斜率。弹性模量定义为应力 - 应变曲线的斜率。采用方差分析（ANOVA）来确定基于性别、脊柱水平和组别的椎间盘横截面积、刚度和弹性模量的显著差异（P < 0.05）。 结果：A组标本年龄（28 ± 8岁）显著低于B组（70 ± 7岁）。男性椎间盘面积（7.2 ± 2.0平方厘米）显著大于女性椎间盘（5.9 ± 1.8平方厘米）。两个年龄组之间的拉伸和压缩刚度值存在显著差异，但性别和水平之间无显著差异。与B组标本（拉伸：397 ± 124 N/mm，压缩：2527 ± 734 N/mm）相比，A组标本具有更大的拉伸（486 ± 108 N/mm）和压缩（3300 ± 642 N/mm）刚度值。拉伸和压缩弹性模量值取决于年龄组和性别，但不取决于水平。A组标本的拉伸和压缩模量（2.9 ± 0.8 MPa，19.5 ± 4.1 MPa）显著大于B组标本（1.7 ± 0.6 MPa，10.6 ± 3.4 MPa）。女性标本的拉伸和压缩模量（2.6 ± 1.0 MPa，16.6 ± 6.4 MPa）显著大于男性标本（2.0 ± 0.7 MPa，13.7 ± 5.0 MPa）。 讨论：本研究使用两组分别代表“年轻”和“年老”标本，结果表明老年标本的力学响应降低，且压缩特性的降低比拉伸特性更大。虽然这种降低是预期的，但两种加载模式之间的相对变化尚未见报道。该研究的另一个结论是力学性能取决于性别，尽管由于样本量的原因其决定性不强。
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