Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2010 Nov;36(6):1369-80. doi: 10.1037/a0020696.
Routine actions are commonly assumed to be controlled by hierarchically organized processes and representations. In the domain of typing theories, word-level information is assumed to activate the constituent keystrokes required to type each letter in a word. We tested this assumption directly using a novel single-letter probe technique. Subjects were primed with a visual or auditory word or a visually presented random consonant string and then probed to type a single letter from the prime or another randomly selected letter. Relative to randomly selected letters, probe responses were speeded for first, middle, and last letters contained in visual and auditory word primes but not for middle and last letters contained in random consonant primes. This suggests that word-level information causes parallel activation of constituent keystrokes, consistent with hierarchical processing. The role of hierarchical processing in typing and routine action is discussed.
常规动作通常被认为是由层次化的过程和表示来控制的。在打字理论的领域中，单词级别的信息被假设为激活了输入一个单词中每个字母所需的组成按键。我们使用一种新颖的单字母探针技术直接测试了这个假设。被试者会被视觉或听觉呈现的单词或随机呈现的辅音串进行启动，然后被要求从启动词或另一个随机选择的字母中输入一个单独的字母。与随机选择的字母相比，视觉和听觉启动词中包含的首字母、中间字母和尾字母的探针反应更快，但随机辅音启动词中包含的中间字母和尾字母的探针反应则没有那么快。这表明，单词级别的信息会导致组成按键的并行激活，这与层次化处理一致。文中还讨论了层次化处理在打字和常规动作中的作用。
