Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2011 Aug;89(8):2440-51. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3432. Epub 2011 Mar 31.
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary Cu and Zn on weanling pig performance. Diets were fed in 2 phases: phase 1 from d 0 to 14 postweaning and phase 2 from d 14 to 28 in Exp. 1 and 2 and d 14 to 42 in Exp. 3. The trace mineral premix, included in all diets, provided 165 mg/kg of Zn from ZnSO(4) and 16.5 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO(4). In Exp. 1, treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of added Cu from tri-basic copper chloride (TBCC; 0 or 150 mg/kg) and added Zn from ZnO (0, 1,500, or 3,000 mg/kg from d 0 to 14 and 0, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg from d 14 to 28). No Cu × Zn interactions were observed (P > 0.10). Adding TBCC or Zn increased (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI during each phase. In Exp. 2, treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of added Zn from ZnO (0 or 3,000 mg/kg from d 0 to 14 and 0 or 2,000 mg/kg from d 14 to 28) and Cu (control, 125 mg/kg of Cu from TBCC, or 125 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO(4)). No Cu × Zn interactions (P > 0.10) were observed for any performance data. Adding ZnO improved (P < 0.02) ADG and ADFI from d 0 to 14 and overall. From d 0 to 28, supplementing CuSO(4) increased (P < 0.02) ADG, ADFI, and G:F, and TBCC improved (P = 0.006) ADG. In Exp. 3, the 6 dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of added Cu from CuSO(4) (0 or 125 mg/kg) and added Zn from ZnO (0 or 3,000 mg/kg from d 0 to 14 and 0 or 2,000 mg/kg from d 14 to 42). The final 2 treatments were feeding added ZnO alone or in combination with CuSO(4) from d 0 to 14 and adding CuSO(4) from d 14 to 42. Adding ZnO increased (P < 0.04) ADG, ADFI, and G:F from d 0 to 14 and ADG from d 0 to 42. Dietary CuSO(4) increased (P < 0.004) ADG and ADFI from d 14 to 42 and d 0 to 42. From d 28 to 42, a trend for a Cu × Zn interaction was observed (P = 0.06) for ADG. This interaction was reflective of the numeric decrease in ADG for pigs when Cu and Zn were used in combination compared with each used alone. Also, numerical advantages were observed when supplementing Zn from d 0 to 14 and Cu from d 14 to 42 compared with all other Cu and Zn regimens. These 3 experiments show the advantages of including both Cu and Zn in the diet for 28 d postweaning; however, as evident in Exp. 3, when 3,000 mg/kg of Zn was added early and 125 mg/kg of Cu was added late, performance was similar or numerically greater than when both were used for 42 d.
进行了三项实验来评估增加饲粮铜和锌对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。试验采用两阶段饲养：第 1 阶段从断奶后 0 天到 14 天，第 2 阶段从第 14 天到第 28 天在试验 1 和 2 中，从第 14 天到第 42 天在试验 3 中。在所有日粮中添加的微量元素预混料提供了 165mg/kg 的锌来自硫酸锌（ZnSO4）和 16.5mg/kg 的铜来自硫酸铜（CuSO4）。在试验 1 中，采用 2×3 因子设计，主效为三碱式氯化铜（TBCC）添加铜（0 或 150mg/kg）和氧化锌（ZnO）添加锌（0、1500 或 3000mg/kg 从 0 天到 14 天和 0、1000 或 2000mg/kg 从 14 天到 28 天）。未观察到铜锌互作（P＞0.10）。添加 TBCC 或 Zn 提高了各阶段的 ADG 和 ADFI（P＜0.05）。在试验 2 中，采用 2×3 因子设计，主效为氧化锌（ZnO）添加锌（0 或 3000mg/kg 从 0 天到 14 天和 0 或 2000mg/kg 从 14 天到 28 天）和铜（对照、125mg/kg 的 TBCC 或 125mg/kg 的硫酸铜）。未观察到任何性能数据的铜锌互作（P＞0.10）。从 0 天到 14 天，添加 ZnO 提高了 ADG 和 ADFI（P＜0.02）和整体。从 0 天到 28 天，添加硫酸铜（CuSO4）提高了 ADG、ADFI 和 G:F，添加 TBCC 提高了 ADG（P=0.006）。在试验 3 中，6 种饲粮处理采用 2×2 因子设计，主效为硫酸铜（CuSO4）添加铜（0 或 125mg/kg）和氧化锌（ZnO）添加锌（0 或 3000mg/kg 从 0 天到 14 天和 0 或 2000mg/kg 从 14 天到 42 天）。最后 2 个处理是从 0 天到 14 天添加 ZnO 和 CuSO4，从 14 天到 42 天添加 CuSO4。添加 ZnO 提高了从 0 天到 14 天的 ADG、ADFI 和 G:F 和从 0 天到 42 天的 ADG（P＜0.04）。饲粮硫酸铜（CuSO4）提高了从 14 天到 42 天和从 0 天到 42 天的 ADG 和 ADFI（P＜0.004）。从 28 天到 42 天，观察到 ADG 存在铜锌互作的趋势（P=0.06）。这种互作反映了当铜和锌同时使用时，与单独使用相比，仔猪的 ADG 下降。此外，与其他铜锌方案相比，从 0 天到 14 天添加 Zn 和从 14 天到 42 天添加 Cu 具有数值优势。这 3 项试验表明，在断奶后 28 天内，饲粮中同时添加铜和锌具有优势；然而，如试验 3 所示，当早期添加 3000mg/kg 的 Zn 和晚期添加 125mg/kg 的 Cu 时，性能与两者都使用 42 天相似或数值更高。
