Morrell Holly E R, Song Anna V, Halpern-Felsher Bonnie L
Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
Health Psychol. 2010 Nov;29(6):610-7. doi: 10.1037/a0021237.
To evaluate developmental changes, personal smoking experiences, and vicarious smoking experiences as predictors of adolescents' perceptions of the risks and benefits of cigarette smoking over time, and to identify new and effective targets for youth smoking prevention programs.
There were 395 adolescents surveyed every 6 months for two school years, from the beginning of 9th grade to the end of 10th grade.
Time, participant smoking, friend smoking, parental smoking, and sex were evaluated as predictors of smoking-related short-term risk perceptions, long-term risk perceptions, and benefits perceptions using multilevel modeling techniques.
Perceptions of benefits did not change over time. Perceptions of risk decreased with time, but not after sex and parental smoking were included in the model. Adolescents with personal smoking experience reported decreasing perceptions of risk and increasing perceptions of benefits over time. Adolescents with more than 6 friends who smoked also reported increasing perceptions of benefits over time.
Changes in risk perceptions may not purely be the result of developmental processes, but may also be influenced by personal and vicarious experience with smoking. Findings highlight the importance of identifying and targeting modifiable factors that may influence perceptions.
评估发育变化、个人吸烟经历和间接吸烟经历，以此作为青少年对吸烟风险和益处认知随时间变化的预测因素，并确定青少年吸烟预防项目新的有效目标。
在两个学年里，每6个月对395名青少年进行一次调查，从九年级开始到十年级结束。
使用多水平建模技术，将时间、参与者吸烟情况、朋友吸烟情况、父母吸烟情况和性别作为吸烟相关短期风险认知、长期风险认知和益处认知的预测因素进行评估。
对益处的认知没有随时间变化。对风险的认知随时间下降，但在模型纳入性别和父母吸烟情况后不再下降。有个人吸烟经历的青少年报告称，随着时间推移，对风险的认知下降，对益处的认知增加。有6个以上吸烟朋友的青少年也报告称，随着时间推移，对益处的认知增加。
风险认知的变化可能并非纯粹是发育过程的结果，还可能受到个人吸烟经历和间接吸烟经历的影响。研究结果凸显了识别并针对可能影响认知的可改变因素的重要性。
