Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Sports Med. 2010 Nov 1;40(11):899-906. doi: 10.2165/11536890-000000000-00000.
Safety in sports and physical activity is an important prerequisite for continuing participation in sports, as well as for maintenance of a healthy physically active lifestyle. For this reason, prevention, reduction and control of sports injuries are important goals for society as a whole. Recent advances in sports medicine discuss the need for research on real-life injury prevention. Such views call for a more behavioural approach when it comes to actual sports injury prevention. Nevertheless, the role of behaviour in sports injury prevention remains under-researched. In order to push the field of sports injury prevention forward, this article provides an overview of the relationship between behaviour and sports injury risk. Different types of behaviour relate to injury risk factors and injury mechanisms. Behaviour that influences risk factors and injury mechanisms is not confined only to the athlete. Various types of behaviour by, for example, the coach, referee, physical therapist or sports associations, also influence risk factors and injury mechanisms. In addition, multiple behaviours often act together. Some types of behaviour may directly affect injury risk and are by definition a risk factor. Other behaviours may only affect risk factors and injury mechanisms, and influence injury risk indirectly. Recent ideas on injury prevention that call for studies on real-life injury prevention still rely heavily on preventive measures that are established through efficacy research. A serious limitation in such an approach is that one expects that proven preventive measures will be adopted if the determinants and influences of sports safety behaviours are understood. Therefore, if one truly wants to prevent sports injuries in a real-life situation, a broader research focus is needed. In trying to do so, we need to look at lessons learned from other fields of injury prevention research.
运动和体育活动中的安全是继续参与运动以及保持健康积极的生活方式的重要前提。因此，预防、减少和控制运动损伤是整个社会的重要目标。最近的运动医学研究讨论了需要对现实生活中的损伤预防进行研究。这些观点呼吁在实际的运动损伤预防中采取更具行为性的方法。然而，行为在运动损伤预防中的作用仍未得到充分研究。为了推动运动损伤预防领域的发展，本文概述了行为与运动损伤风险之间的关系。不同类型的行为与损伤危险因素和损伤机制有关。影响危险因素和损伤机制的行为不仅限于运动员。例如，教练、裁判、物理治疗师或体育协会的各种行为也会影响危险因素和损伤机制。此外，多种行为通常会共同作用。某些类型的行为可能会直接影响损伤风险，并且从定义上讲是危险因素。其他行为可能仅影响危险因素和损伤机制，并间接地影响损伤风险。最近关于现实生活中损伤预防的研究呼吁仍然依赖于通过功效研究确立的预防措施，但这种方法存在一个严重的局限性，即人们期望如果理解了运动安全行为的决定因素和影响，那么经过验证的预防措施将被采用。因此，如果要在现实生活中真正预防运动损伤，就需要更广泛的研究重点。在尝试这样做时，我们需要从其他伤害预防研究领域中吸取经验教训。
