A.V.Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011 Feb;89(3):475-92. doi: 10.1007/s00253-010-2920-9. Epub 2010 Oct 15.
Complex epidemiological situation, nosocomial infections, microbial contamination, and infection risks in hospital and dental equipment have led to an ever-growing need for prevention of microbial infection in these various areas. Macromolecular systems, due to their properties, allow one to efficiently use them in various fields, including the creation of polymers with the antimicrobial activity. In the past decade, the intensive development of a large class of antimicrobial macromolecular systems, polymers, and copolymers, either quaternized or functionalized with bioactive groups, has been continued, and they have been successfully used as biocides. Various permanent microbicidal surfaces with non-leaching polymer antimicrobial coatings have been designed. Along with these trends, new moderately hydrophobic polymer structures have been synthesized and studied, which contain protonated primary or secondary/tertiary amine groups that exhibited rather high antimicrobial activity, often unlike their quaternary analogues. This mini-review briefly highlights and summarizes the results of studies during the past decade and especially in recent years, which concern the mechanism of action of different antimicrobial polymers and non-leaching microbicidal surfaces, and factors influencing their activity and toxicity, as well as major applications of antimicrobial polymers.
复杂的流行病学情况、医院内感染、微生物污染以及医院和牙科设备中的感染风险，导致人们对这些不同领域预防微生物感染的需求不断增长。高分子体系由于其特性，使得它们能够在包括具有抗菌活性的聚合物的创造等各个领域中得到高效利用。在过去十年中，人们一直在积极开发一大类具有抗菌活性的高分子体系、聚合物和共聚物，这些体系、聚合物和共聚物经过季铵化或功能化处理后带有生物活性基团，已成功用作杀菌剂。设计了各种具有非浸出聚合物抗菌涂层的永久性微生物杀灭表面。随着这些趋势的发展，人们已经合成并研究了新的具有适度疏水性的聚合物结构，其中含有质子化的伯或仲/叔胺基团，表现出相当高的抗菌活性，通常与它们的季铵类似物不同。本篇简要综述突出并总结了过去十年，特别是近年来的研究结果，这些结果涉及不同抗菌聚合物和非浸出杀微生物表面的作用机制、影响其活性和毒性的因素，以及抗菌聚合物的主要应用。
