Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi Province 427-070, South Korea.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2010 Nov;213(6):465-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.09.005. Epub 2010 Oct 18.
In this study, the concentrations of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), including trihalomethanes (THMs; chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform), haloacetic acids (HAAs; dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid), haloacetonitriles (HANs; dichloroacetonitrile, trichloroacetonitrile, bromochloroacetonitrile, and dibromoacetonitrile), and chloral hydrate (CH) were measured in 86 indoor swimming pools in Seoul, Korea, treated using different disinfection methods, such as chlorine, ozone and chlorine, and a technique that uses electrochemically generated mixed oxidants (EGMOs). The correlations between DBPs and other environmental factors such as with total organic carbon (TOC), KMnO(4) consumption, free residual chlorine, pH, and nitrate (NO(3)(-)) in the pools were examined. The geometric mean concentrations of total DBPs in swimming pool waters were 183.1±2.5μg/L, 32.6±2.1μg/L, and 139.9±2.4μg/L in pools disinfected with chlorine, ozone/chlorine, and EGMO, respectively. The mean concentrations of total THMs (TTHMs), total HAAs (THAAs), total HANs (THANs), and CH differed significantly depending on the disinfection method used (P<0.01). Interestingly, THAAs concentrations were the highest, followed by TTHMs, CH, and THANs in all swimming pools regardless of disinfection method. TOC showed a good correlation with the concentrations of DBPs in all swimming pools (chlorine; r=0.82, P<0.01; ozone/chlorine; r=0.52, P<0.01, EGMO; r=0.39, P<0.05). In addition, nitrate was positively correlated with the concentrations of total DBPs in swimming pools disinfected with chlorine and ozone/chlorine (chlorine; r=0.58; ozone/chlorine; r=0.60, P<0.01), whereas was negative correlated with the concentrations of total DBPs (r=-0.53, P<0.01) in the EGMO-treated pools.
在这项研究中，我们测量了韩国首尔 86 个室内游泳池中消毒副产物（DBPs）的浓度，这些游泳池采用了不同的消毒方法，如氯、臭氧和氯以及使用电化学产生的混合氧化剂（EGMOs）的技术。我们还研究了 DBPs 与其他环境因素之间的相关性，如总有机碳（TOC）、高锰酸盐消耗量、游离余氯、pH 值和硝酸盐（NO3(-)）。泳池水中总 DBPs 的几何平均值浓度分别为用氯、臭氧/氯和 EGMO 消毒的泳池水中为 183.1±2.5μg/L、32.6±2.1μg/L 和 139.9±2.4μg/L。总三卤甲烷（TTHMs）、总卤乙酸（THAAs）、总卤乙腈（THANs）和氯仿的总浓度因使用的消毒方法不同而有显著差异（P<0.01）。有趣的是，无论使用何种消毒方法，所有泳池中的 THAAs 浓度均最高，其次是 TTHMs、CH 和 THANs。TOC 与所有泳池中 DBPs 的浓度均呈良好相关性（氯；r=0.82，P<0.01；臭氧/氯；r=0.52，P<0.01，EGMO；r=0.39，P<0.05）。此外，硝酸盐与用氯和臭氧/氯消毒的泳池中总 DBPs 的浓度呈正相关（氯；r=0.58；臭氧/氯；r=0.60，P<0.01），而与 EGMO 处理的泳池中总 DBPs 的浓度呈负相关（r=-0.53，P<0.01）。
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