Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
J Intern Med. 2011 Feb;269(2):150-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02290.x. Epub 2010 Oct 22.
the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a healthy Nordic diet (ND) on cardiovascular risk factors.
in a randomized controlled trial (NORDIET) conducted in Sweden, 88 mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects were randomly assigned to an ad libitum ND or control diet (subjects' usual Western diet) for 6 weeks. Participants in the ND group were provided with all meals and foods. Primary outcome measurements were low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and secondary outcomes were blood pressure (BP) and insulin sensitivity (fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance). The ND was rich in high-fibre plant foods, fruits, berries, vegetables, whole grains, rapeseed oil, nuts, fish and low-fat milk products, but low in salt, added sugars and saturated fats.
the ND contained 27%, 52%, 19% and 2% of energy from fat, carbohydrate, protein and alcohol, respectively. In total, 86 of 88 subjects randomly assigned to diet completed the study. Compared with controls, there was a decrease in plasma cholesterol (-16%, P < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (-21%, P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (-5%, P < 0.01), LDL/HDL (-14%, P < 0.01) and apolipoprotein (apo)B/apoA1 (-1%, P < 0.05) in the ND group. The ND reduced insulin (-9%, P = 0.01) and systolic BP by -6.6 ± 13.2 mmHg (-5%, P < 0.05) compared with the control diet. Despite the ad libitum nature of the ND, body weight decreased after 6 weeks in the ND compared with the control group (-4%, P < 0.001). After adjustment for weight change, the significant differences between groups remained for blood lipids, but not for insulin sensitivity or BP. There were no significant differences in diastolic BP or triglyceride or glucose concentrations.
a healthy ND improves blood lipid profile and insulin sensitivity and lowers blood pressure at clinically relevant levels in hypercholesterolaemic subjects.
本研究旨在探讨健康的北欧饮食（ND）对心血管危险因素的影响。
在瑞典进行的一项随机对照试验（NORDIET）中，88 名轻度高胆固醇血症患者被随机分配到自由进食 ND 或对照饮食（受试者的常规西方饮食），为期 6 周。ND 组的参与者提供了所有的膳食和食物。主要观察指标为低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇，次要观察指标为血压（BP）和胰岛素敏感性（空腹胰岛素和稳态模型评估-胰岛素抵抗）。ND 富含高纤维植物性食物、水果、浆果、蔬菜、全谷物、菜籽油、坚果、鱼类和低脂奶制品，但盐、添加糖和饱和脂肪含量低。
ND 中的脂肪、碳水化合物、蛋白质和酒精分别提供 27%、52%、19%和 2%的能量。共有 88 名随机分配到饮食组的受试者中，有 86 名完成了研究。与对照组相比，ND 组的血浆胆固醇降低了（-16%，P < 0.001），LDL 胆固醇降低了（-21%，P < 0.001），高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇降低了（-5%，P < 0.01），LDL/HDL 降低了（-14%，P < 0.01），载脂蛋白（apo）B/apoA1 降低了（-1%，P < 0.05）。ND 组的胰岛素（-9%，P = 0.01）和收缩压分别降低了 6.6±13.2mmHg（-5%，P < 0.05）。尽管 ND 是自由进食的，但与对照组相比，ND 组在 6 周后体重下降（-4%，P < 0.001）。调整体重变化后，两组间的差异仍然存在于血脂方面，但在胰岛素敏感性或 BP 方面没有差异。舒张压、甘油三酯或血糖浓度无显著差异。
在高胆固醇血症患者中，健康的 ND 可改善血脂谱、胰岛素敏感性，并降低血压至临床相关水平。
