Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2011 May;18(4):586-97. doi: 10.1007/s11356-010-0401-4. Epub 2010 Oct 22.
α-Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), β-HCH, and lindane (γ-HCH) were listed as persistent organic pollutants by the Stockholm Convention in 2009 and hence must be phased out and their wastes/stockpiles eliminated. At the last operating lindane manufacturing unit, we conducted a preliminary evaluation of HCH contamination levels in soil and water samples collected around the production area and the vicinity of a major dumpsite to inform the design of processes for an appropriate implementation of the Convention.
Soil and water samples on and around the production site and a major waste dumpsite were measured for HCH levels.
All soil samples taken at the lindane production facility and dumpsite and in their vicinity were contaminated with an isomer pattern characteristic of HCH production waste. At the dumpsite surface samples contained up to 450 g kg(-1) Σ HCH suggesting that the waste HCH isomers were simply dumped at this location. Ground water in the vicinity and river water was found to be contaminated with 0.2 to 0.4 mg l(-1) of HCH waste isomers. The total quantity of deposited HCH wastes from the lindane production unit was estimated at between 36,000 and 54,000 t.
The contamination levels in ground and river water suggest significant run-off from the dumped HCH wastes and contamination of drinking water resources. The extent of dumping urgently needs to be assessed regarding the risks to human and ecosystem health. A plan for securing the waste isomers needs to be developed and implemented together with a plan for their final elimination. As part of the assessment, any polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) generated during HCH recycling operations need to be monitored.
α-六氯环己烷（HCH）、β-HCH 和林丹（γ-HCH）于 2009 年被《斯德哥尔摩公约》列为持久性有机污染物，因此必须逐步淘汰这些物质及其废物/库存。在最后一个运行的林丹制造工厂，我们对生产区周围和主要垃圾场附近采集的土壤和水样中的 HCH 污染水平进行了初步评估，以便为适当实施《公约》的过程设计提供信息。
对生产现场及其附近的土壤和水样进行 HCH 水平测量。
在林丹生产设施和垃圾场及其附近采集的所有土壤样本都受到了与 HCH 生产废物特征相符的异构体模式的污染。在垃圾场表面样本中，Σ HCH 含量高达 450 g/kg，表明废物 HCH 异构体只是被倾倒在这个位置。附近的地下水和河水都被发现受到 0.2 至 0.4 mg/L 的 HCH 废物异构体的污染。从林丹生产装置估算出的沉积 HCH 废物总量在 36,000 至 54,000 吨之间。
地下水和河水中的污染水平表明，倾倒的 HCH 废物有大量流失，并污染了饮用水资源。迫切需要评估倾倒废物对人类和生态系统健康的风险。需要制定并实施废物异构体的安全保障计划，并制定最终消除计划。作为评估的一部分，需要监测 HCH 回收作业过程中产生的任何多氯二苯并对二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDD/PCDF）。
