Behörde für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt Hamburg, Abteilung Bodenschutz/Altlasten, Billstrasse 84, 20539 Hamburg, Germany.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Apr;20(4):1925-36. doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-0986-x. Epub 2012 Jul 10.
α-HCH, β-HCH, and γ-HCH (lindane) were listed as persistent organic pollutants in the Stockholm Convention. Therefore, they need to be globally addressed including the wastes remaining from historic use and production. While at most lindane production sites the unintentionally produced 85% HCH waste isomers have been deposited, at a former pesticide factory in Hamburg-Moorfleet HCH waste isomers have been recycled from 1953 to 1984 by thermal decomposition to chlorobenzenes and resulted in high polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/PCDF)-contaminated residues. The management of the PCDD/PCDF-contaminated waste from the former pesticide factory in Hamburg has been assessed and quantified. Based on past accredited PCDD/PCDF measurements, the registered 3,700 tonnes of disposed thermal HCH decomposition residue contained 333 to 854 kg of PCDD/PCDF toxicity equivalent (I-TEQ) in 53-102 tonnes total sum of PCDD/PCDF. The wastes have been deposited together with other wastes in landfills in Hamburg and other parts of Germany. For the Georgswerder landfill (Hamburg), where approximately 50% of the PCDD/PCDF is disposed, current and previous situation and remediation activities are described. While PCDD/PCDF leaching from the landfill is controlled and incinerated, more water soluble organochlorines (vinyl chloride, cis-1,2-dichlorethene, chlorobenzenes) and benzene remain as a challenge for groundwater management. A comprehensive aftercare program has been established and will need to be operated by future generations including renewal of containment systems. Former lindane/HCH productions need-in addition to HCH deposits-to be assessed for possible recycling practice of HCH and related PCDD/PCDF-containing deposits. This could systematically be addressed within the Stockholm Convention implementation.
α-六氯环己烷、β-六氯环己烷和γ-六氯环己烷（林丹）被列为斯德哥尔摩公约中的持久性有机污染物。因此，需要在全球范围内解决这些污染物，包括历史用途和生产遗留的废物。虽然在大多数林丹生产场地，无意中产生的 85%的六氯环己烷废物异构体已被存放，但在汉堡-莫尔菲特的一家前农药厂，从 1953 年到 1984 年，通过热分解将六氯环己烷废物异构体回收为氯苯，并导致高浓度多氯二苯并对二恶英/多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDD/PCDF）污染的残留物。对汉堡前农药厂的 PCDD/PCDF 污染废物进行了管理评估和量化。根据过去经过认证的 PCDD/PCDF 测量值，已登记的 3700 吨处置的热 HCH 分解残渣中含有 333 至 854 千克 PCDD/PCDF 毒性等效物（I-TEQ），在 53-102 吨 PCDD/PCDF 总量中。这些废物与其他废物一起存放在汉堡和德国其他地区的垃圾填埋场中。对于格奥尔格斯韦德垃圾填埋场（汉堡），大约 50%的 PCDD/PCDF 被处置，本文描述了当前和以前的情况以及修复活动。虽然垃圾填埋场的 PCDD/PCDF 浸出受到控制并进行了焚烧，但更多的水溶性有机氯（氯乙烯、顺-1,2-二氯乙烷、氯苯）和苯仍然是地下水管理的一个挑战。已经建立了一个全面的后期护理计划，需要由后代来运营，包括更新封存系统。除了六氯环己烷沉积物外，还需要对以前的林丹/HCH 生产进行评估，以确定是否可以对 HCH 和相关的 PCDD/PCDF 含沉积物进行再循环利用。这可以在斯德哥尔摩公约的执行过程中系统地解决。
