Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Apr;20(4):1951-7. doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-1089-4. Epub 2012 Jul 24.
Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (α-, β- and γ- HCH [lindane]) were recently added to the list of persistent organic pollutants regulated by the Stockholm Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and lindane production has become an issue of global relevance. The production of lindane with the much larger quantities of associated waste isomers has generated large waste deposits and contaminated sites. This article presents an overview of HCH-polluted sites in Brazil as a basis for further activities related to the Stockholm Convention. The locations of HCH stockpiles and contaminated sites in Brazil arising from production and formulation have been compiled and mapped. This shows that the measures taken over the past 25 years have not resulted in remediation of the HCH pollution. An exposure risk study has been summarised for one major site and is included to demonstrate the contemporary relevance of the contamination. Major site remediation efforts are planned at one site but people live close to several other sites, and there is an urgent need of further assessments and remediation to ensure the protection of human health and the environment. The Stockholm Convention requires a systematic approach and should be adopted for the assessment of all sites and appropriate isolation/remediation measures should be facilitated. The appropriate planning of these activities for the production site in Rio de Janeiro could be a positive contribution for Rio+20 highlighting that green economy and sustainable production also include the appropriate management of legacies of historic production of an industrial sector (here the organochlorine industry).
六氯环己烷（HCH）异构体（α-、β-和γ-HCH [林丹]）最近被列入斯德哥尔摩公约管制的持久性有机污染物清单，因此，HCH 和林丹生产的遗留问题成为一个具有全球相关性的问题。林丹的大量生产会产生相关的废物异构体，从而产生大量的废物堆积和污染场地。本文概述了巴西的 HCH 污染场地，作为与斯德哥尔摩公约相关的进一步活动的基础。已经对巴西因生产和配方而产生的 HCH 库存和污染场地的位置进行了汇编和制图。这表明，在过去 25 年中采取的措施并没有导致 HCH 污染的修复。对一个主要场地的暴露风险研究进行了总结，以证明污染的当代相关性。一个主要场地计划进行重大修复工作，但附近还有几个场地，因此迫切需要进一步评估和修复，以确保人类健康和环境的保护。斯德哥尔摩公约要求采取系统的方法，应该对所有场地进行评估，并应促进采取适当的隔离/修复措施。对里约热内卢生产场地的这些活动进行适当规划，可以为里约+20 做出积极贡献，强调绿色经济和可持续生产还包括对历史上工业部门（这里是有机氯工业）生产的遗产进行适当管理。
