Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, 1330 Broadway Street, Suite 1100, Oakland, California 94612, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Jan 1;45(1):51-60. doi: 10.1021/es1014482. Epub 2010 Oct 26.
Recent observed feminization of aquatic animals has raised concerns about estrogenic compounds in water supplies and the potential for these chemicals to reach drinking water. Public perception frequently attributes this feminization to oral contraceptives (OCs) in wastewater and raises concerns that exposure to OCs in drinking water may contribute to the recent rise in human reproductive problems. This paper reviews the literature regarding various sources of estrogens, in surface, source and drinking water, with an emphasis on the active molecule that comes from OCs. It includes discussion of the various agricultural, industrial, and municipal sources and outlines the contributions of estrogenic chemicals to the estrogenicity of waterways and estimates that the risk of exposure to synthetic estrogens in drinking water on human health is negligible. This paper also provides recommendations for strategies to better understand all the potential sources of estrogenic compounds in the environment and possibilities to reduce the levels of estrogenic chemicals in the water supply.
最近观察到水生动物的雌性化现象引起了人们对供水环境中雌激素类化合物的关注，以及这些化学物质是否有可能进入饮用水。公众普遍认为这种雌性化现象是由废水中的口服避孕药（OC）引起的，并担心饮用水中接触 OC 可能是导致最近人类生殖问题上升的原因之一。本文综述了关于地表水、水源水和饮用水中各种雌激素来源的文献，重点介绍了来自 OC 的活性分子。文中讨论了各种农业、工业和市政来源，并概述了雌激素类化学物质对水道雌激素活性的贡献，并估计人类从饮用水中接触合成雌激素的风险可以忽略不计。本文还为更好地了解环境中所有潜在雌激素化合物来源的策略以及降低供水中雌激素化学物质水平的可能性提供了建议。
