Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
J Anat. 2010 Oct;217(4):289-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01290.x.
We are developing a three-dimensional (3D) atlas of the human embryonic brain using anatomical landmarks and gene expression data to define major subdivisions through 12 stages of development [Carnegie Stages (CS) 12-23; approximately 26-56 days post conception (dpc)]. Virtual 3D anatomical models are generated from intact specimens using optical projection tomography (OPT). Using MAPAINT software, selected gene expression data, gathered using standard methods of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, are mapped to a representative 3D model for each chosen Carnegie stage. In these models, anatomical domains, defined on the basis of morphological landmarks and comparative knowledge of expression patterns in vertebrates, are linked to a developmental neuroanatomic ontology. Human gene expression patterns for genes with characteristic expression in different vertebrates (e.g. PAX6, GAD65 and OLIG2) are being used to confirm and/or refine the human anatomical domain boundaries. We have also developed interpolation software that digitally generates a full domain from partial data. Currently, the 3D models and a preliminary set of anatomical domains and ontology are available on the atlas pages along with gene expression data from approximately 100 genes in the HUDSEN Human Spatial Gene Expression Database (http://www.hudsen.org). The aim is that full 3D data will be generated from expression data used to define a more detailed set of anatomical domains linked to a more advanced anatomy ontology and all of these will be available online, contributing to the long-term goal of the atlas, which is to help maximize the effective use and dissemination of data wherever it is generated.
我们正在利用解剖学标志和基因表达数据开发人类胚胎大脑的三维（3D）图谱，以通过 12 个发育阶段[卡内基分期（CS）12-23；大约 26-56 天受孕后（dpc）]来定义主要细分。使用光学投影断层扫描（OPT）从完整标本生成虚拟 3D 解剖模型。使用 MAPAINT 软件，将使用原位杂交和免疫组织化学的标准方法收集的选定基因表达数据映射到每个选定的卡内基分期的代表性 3D 模型。在这些模型中，基于形态学标志和比较脊椎动物表达模式的知识定义的解剖学域与发育神经解剖学本体相关联。具有不同脊椎动物特征表达的基因（例如 PAX6、GAD65 和 OLIG2）的人类基因表达模式正被用于确认和/或细化人类解剖学域边界。我们还开发了插值软件，可以从部分数据中数字生成完整的域。目前，3D 模型和一组初步的解剖学域和本体以及来自 HUDSEN 人类空间基因表达数据库（http://www.hudsen.org）中大约 100 个基因的基因表达数据可在图谱页面上获得。目标是从用于定义与更先进的解剖学本体相关联的更详细的解剖学域的表达数据生成完整的 3D 数据，并且所有这些都将在线提供，这有助于实现图谱的长期目标，即帮助最大限度地利用和传播在任何地方生成的数据。
