Weissmann G, Smolen J E, Hoffstein S
J Invest Dermatol. 1978 Jul;71(1):95-9. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12544444.
Polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes mediate that phase of inflammation at which vascular responses become translated into tissue injury. After phagocytosis, the PMN leukocyte generates derivatives of molecular oxygen (O2-.,OH., and H2O2) that stimulate a metabolic burst and assist in the killing of microorganisms. They also release oxidation products of membrane fatty acids (e.g., arachidonate), which are detected as thromboxanes and protaglandins. After interaction of phagocytic ligands (immune complexes and C3b-opsonized particles), the PMN leukocyte secretes lysosomal enzymes from open phagocytic vacuoles, and, especially when phagocytosis is blocked by cytochalasin B, secretes them directly into the cell's surrounding fluids. Secretion is enhanced by agents that elevate intracellular levels of cyclic GMP, and inhibited by agents that raise cyclic AMP. These reciprocal changes are associated with assembly and disassembly (respectively) of cytoplasmic microtubules. These cytoskeletal structures, together with contractile elements, regulate in part the secretory events of inflammation in which lysosomal constituents (e.g., elastase, collagenase, and cathepsin G) are diverted from their intracellular depots to an inappropriate assault on the tissues of the host.
多形核（PMN）白细胞介导炎症的一个阶段，在此阶段血管反应转化为组织损伤。吞噬作用后，PMN白细胞产生分子氧衍生物（超氧阴离子、羟自由基和过氧化氢），这些衍生物刺激代谢爆发并协助杀灭微生物。它们还释放膜脂肪酸的氧化产物（如花生四烯酸），这些产物可被检测为血栓素和前列腺素。在吞噬配体（免疫复合物和C3b调理颗粒）相互作用后，PMN白细胞从开放的吞噬泡中分泌溶酶体酶，尤其是当吞噬作用被细胞松弛素B阻断时，会将它们直接分泌到细胞周围的液体中。细胞内环状鸟苷酸水平升高的物质可增强分泌，而细胞内环状腺苷酸水平升高的物质则抑制分泌。这些相反的变化分别与细胞质微管的组装和解聚有关。这些细胞骨架结构与收缩元件一起，部分调节炎症的分泌事件，其中溶酶体成分（如弹性蛋白酶、胶原酶和组织蛋白酶G）从细胞内储存部位转移，对宿主组织进行不适当的攻击。
