Mediterranean Diet Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
Public Health Nutr. 2011 Apr;14(4):622-8. doi: 10.1017/S1368980010002752. Epub 2010 Oct 29.
The purpose of the present study was to analyse the evolution of the Spanish population's global and regional adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) since 1987.
A cross-sectional study was conducted analysing food consumption from the Spanish Household Consumption Surveys administered by the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.
The Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI) was applied to measure the adherence to the MD. The significance of the MAI trend was evaluated using a regression model.
The sample comprises a household consumption data set, which consisted of 2500 households in 1987 and increased to 6200 in 2005.
There was a significant decrease in the MAI (P=0.001) during the past two decades in Spanish households. From 1987 to 1997, MD adherence significantly decreased, but since 1998 it appears to have stabilised. In recent years, the daily household availability of several of the food components of the MD has increased. The MAI was observed to be significantly higher during the entire period in some Mediterranean regions, such as Andalusia, and significantly lower in more inland regions, such as Castile-Leon.
During the past two decades, Spain has experienced a significant downward trend in adherence to the predominant dietary pattern, likely as a result of numerous socio-economic changes. However, a stabilisation and a recent slight recovery have been observed during the past decade.
本研究旨在分析自 1987 年以来西班牙人口对地中海饮食（MD）的全球和区域依从性的演变。
横断面研究分析了西班牙农业部、渔业和食品部管理的西班牙家庭消费调查中的食物消费情况。
应用地中海充足指数（MAI）来衡量 MD 的依从性。使用回归模型评估 MAI 趋势的显著性。
该样本包括一个家庭消费数据集，其中包括 1987 年的 2500 户家庭和 2005 年的 6200 户家庭。
在过去的二十年中，西班牙家庭的 MAI 显著下降（P=0.001）。从 1987 年到 1997 年，MD 的依从性显著下降，但自 1998 年以来，它似乎已经稳定下来。近年来，MD 的几种食物成分在家庭中的日常供应有所增加。在整个研究期间，MAI 在一些地中海地区，如安达卢西亚，明显更高，而在更内陆的地区，如卡斯蒂利亚-莱昂，明显更低。
在过去的二十年中，西班牙对主要饮食模式的依从性呈显著下降趋势，可能是由于众多社会经济变化所致。然而，在过去十年中，已经观察到稳定和最近的轻微恢复。
