Mediterranean Diet Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
Public Health Nutr. 2009 Sep;12(9A):1676-84. doi: 10.1017/S1368980009990541.
The present study aimed to analyse the worldwide trends of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), in 1961-1965 and 2000-2003.
Data were obtained from the FAO food balance sheets in two periods: 1961-1965 and 2000-2003. In order to have a sample from across the world, forty-one countries were selected. The average of available energy for different food groups was calculated for all selected countries. These values were used to evaluate the adherence to the MD through a variation of Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI).
The majority of the forty-one countries in this study have tended to drift away from a Mediterranean-like dietary pattern. Mediterranean Europe and the Other Mediterranean country groups suffered a significant decrease in their MAI values. The Mediterranean European group, especially Greece, experienced the greatest decrease in MAI value. In both periods, the Other Mediterranean countries showed the highest MAI values. In an analysis by countries, Iran had the highest increase in MAI across the time periods, and Egypt occupied the first place in the ranking in 2000-2003. The Northern European group was the only one that registered an increase in MAI, although this was not statistically significant.
Many countries in the Mediterranean basin are drifting away from the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP). However, countries in Northern Europe and some other countries around the world are taking on a Mediterranean-like dietary pattern. The Other Mediterranean countries have the closest adherence to the MDP, currently and in the 1960s. Nutrition policy actions to tackle dietary westernisation and preserve the healthy prudent MDP are required.
本研究旨在分析 1961-1965 年和 2000-2003 年期间全球对地中海饮食（MD）的依从趋势。
数据来自粮农组织（FAO）在两个时期的粮食平衡表：1961-1965 年和 2000-2003 年。为了在全球范围内获得样本，选择了 41 个国家。为所有选定的国家计算了不同食物组的可用能量平均值。这些值用于通过地中海适宜指数（MAI）的变化来评估对 MD 的依从程度。
在这项研究的 41 个国家中，大多数国家的饮食模式已经逐渐偏离了地中海模式。地中海欧洲和其他地中海国家组的 MAI 值显著下降。地中海欧洲组，特别是希腊，经历了 MAI 值的最大下降。在这两个时期，其他地中海国家的 MAI 值最高。按国家分析，伊朗在整个时期的 MAI 值增幅最高，而埃及在 2000-2003 年排名第一。北欧组是唯一一个 MAI 值增加的组，尽管这在统计学上并不显著。
地中海盆地的许多国家正在偏离地中海饮食模式（MDP）。然而，北欧国家和世界其他一些国家正在采用类似地中海的饮食模式。目前和 20 世纪 60 年代，其他地中海国家对 MDP 的依从程度最高。需要采取营养政策行动来解决饮食西方化问题，保护健康的审慎 MDP。
