Institute for the Study of Children, Families and Social Issues, Birkbeck University of London, UK.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2011 May;52(5):619-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02327.x. Epub 2010 Oct 6.
The capacity to control or regulate one's emotions, cognitions and behavior is central to competent functioning, with limitations in these abilities associated with developmental problems. Parenting appears to influence such self-regulation. Here the differential-susceptibility hypothesis is tested that the more putative 'plasticity alleles' adolescents carry, the more positively and negatively influenced they will be by, respectively, supportive and unsupportive parenting.
One thousand, five hundred and eighty-six (1586) adolescents (n = 754 males; n = 832 females) enrolled in the American Add Health project were scored in terms of how many of 5 putative 'plasticity alleles' they carried - the 10R allele of DAT1, the A1 allele of DRD2, the 7R allele of DRD4, the short allele of 5HTTLPR, and the 2R/3R alleles of MAOA. Then the effect of the resultant index (ranging from 0 to 5) of cumulative-genetic plasticity in moderating effects of parenting on adolescent self-regulation was evaluated.
Consistent with differential susceptibility, the more plasticity alleles males (but not females) carried, the more and less self-regulation they manifested under, respectively, supportive and unsupportive parenting conditions.
Adolescent males appear to vary for genetic reasons in their susceptibility to parenting vis-à-vis self-regulation, perhaps due to epistatic and/or epigenetic processes. G×E research may benefit from compositing candidate genes. To afford comparative evaluation of differential-susceptibility vs. diathesis-stress models of environmental action, future G×E work should focus on positive as well as negative environmental conditions and developmental outcomes.
控制或调节自己的情绪、认知和行为的能力是胜任工作的核心，这些能力的限制与发育问题有关。育儿似乎会影响这种自我调节。这里测试了差异易感性假设，即青少年携带的所谓“可塑性等位基因”越多，他们分别受到支持性和非支持性育儿的积极和消极影响就越大。
1586 名（男性 n=754；女性 n=832）参加美国健康促进项目的青少年被评估了他们携带多少 5 个所谓的“可塑性等位基因” - DAT1 的 10R 等位基因、DRD2 的 A1 等位基因、DRD4 的 7R 等位基因、5HTTLPR 的短等位基因和 MAOA 的 2R/3R 等位基因。然后，评估了累积遗传可塑性指数（范围从 0 到 5）对育儿对青少年自我调节的影响的调节作用。
与差异易感性一致，男性（而不是女性）携带的可塑性等位基因越多，在支持性和非支持性育儿条件下，他们表现出的自我调节就越多和越少。
青少年男性似乎由于遗传原因而在对育儿的易感性方面存在差异，这可能是由于上位和/或表观遗传过程。G×E 研究可能受益于候选基因的综合。为了对环境作用的差异易感性与素质应激模型进行比较评估，未来的 G×E 工作应该关注积极和消极的环境条件和发展结果。
