School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 Jan 30;185(2-3):1027-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.009. Epub 2010 Oct 30.
Hydrocarbon pollution in marine ecosystems occurs mainly by accidental oil spills, deliberate discharge of ballast waters from oil tankers and bilge waste discharges; causing site pollution and serious adverse effects on aquatic environments as well as human health. A large number of petroleum hydrocarbons are biodegradable, thus bioremediation has become an important method for the restoration of oil polluted areas. In this research, a series of natural attenuation, crude oil (CO) and dispersed crude oil (DCO) bioremediation experiments of artificially crude oil contaminated seawater was carried out. Bacterial consortiums were identified as Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Vibrio. First order kinetics described the biodegradation of crude oil. Under abiotic conditions, oil removal was 19.9% while a maximum of 31.8% total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) removal was obtained in natural attenuation experiment. All DCO bioreactors demonstrated higher and faster removal than CO bioreactors. Half life times were 28, 32, 38 and 58 days for DCO and 31, 40, 50 and 75 days for CO with oil concentrations of 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/L, respectively. The effectiveness of Corexit 9500 dispersant was monitored in the 45 day study; the results indicated that it improved the crude oil biodegradation rate.
海洋生态系统中的碳氢化合物污染主要是由意外的石油泄漏、油轮压载水的故意排放和舱底污水的排放造成的；造成地点污染和对水生环境以及人类健康的严重不利影响。大量石油碳氢化合物是可生物降解的，因此生物修复已成为受污染地区恢复的重要方法。在这项研究中，进行了一系列人工污染海水的自然衰减、原油（CO）和分散原油（DCO）生物修复实验。细菌联合体被鉴定为不动杆菌、产碱杆菌、芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌和弧菌。一级动力学描述了原油的生物降解。在非生物条件下，油的去除率为 19.9%，而在自然衰减实验中，总石油烃（TPH）的去除率最高可达 31.8%。所有 DCO 生物反应器的去除率均高于 CO 生物反应器。油浓度为 100、500、1000 和 2000 mg/L 时，DCO 的半衰期分别为 28、32、38 和 58 天，CO 的半衰期分别为 31、40、50 和 75 天。在为期 45 天的研究中监测了 Corexit 9500 分散剂的效果；结果表明，它提高了原油的生物降解速率。
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